Osteology

Question 1

3 anatomical planes

Answer 1

Sagittal (vertical - into left and right)
Coronal (vertical - into front and back)
Transverse (cross sectional)

Question 2

Bones in the thoracic region

Answer 2

Thoracic vertebrae
Sternum
Ribs
Shoulder girdle (clavicle and scapula)

Question 3

Bones in the pelvic region

Answer 3

Hip bones

Sacrum

Question 4

2 parts of a typical vertebrae

Answer 4

Vertebral body (anterior)
Vertebral arch

Question 5

What encloses the spinal cord?

Answer 5

Vertebral foramen

Question 6

3 vertebral processes

Answer 6

Part of the vertebral arch
Spinous
Transverse
Articular (superior and inferior)

Question 7

2 important characteristics of the cervical vertebrae that are different from thoracic and lumbar?

Answer 7

Transverse process has foramen transversarium (transverse foramen - hole that contains nerves)
Spinous process is shorter and bifurcated

Question 8

True ribs

Answer 8

Ribs 1-7

Attach anteriorly directly to the sternum through their costal cartilages

Question 9

False ribs

Answer 9

Ribs 8-10

Attach to the sternum through costal cartilages above them

Question 10

Floating ribs

Answer 10

Ribs 11 and 12

Do not attach to the sternum

Question 11

Where do all ribs attach posteriorly?

Answer 11

To the thoracic vertebrae

Question 12

3 parts of the sternum

Answer 12

Manubrium, body, xiphoid process

Ridge where manubrium meets body is called the sternal angle (where the second rib attaches and trachea bifurcates)

Question 13

Typical ribs

Answer 13

Ribs 2-9
Attach to the bodies of 2 vertebrae (corresponding and one above)
Attach to the transverse process of the corresponding vertebrae
Attach to the sternum

Question 14

Atypical ribs

Answer 14

Ribs 1, 10, 11, 12

Attach only to the vertebrae of the same number

Question 15

Clavicle

Answer 15

Has a sternal end (medial, rounded, more chunky)
Acromial end (lateral, flatter, attaches to acromion of scapula)
S shaped so that the acromial end is curved outwards

Question 16

Scapula parts

Answer 16

Coracoid process (anterior, knob)
Acromion (most lateral point where clavicle attaches)
Glenoid cavity (where muscles attach to hold humerus)
Spine (ridge on the back)

Question 17

3 fused bones that make the hip bone

Answer 17

Pubis
Illium
Ischium
Meet at the acetabulum

Question 18

Ischial tuberosity

Answer 18

Part of the ischium that you sit on

Question 19

Obturator foramen

Answer 19

Hole in the pelvis between the pubis and ischium