Knee Joint Flashcards
Knee joint is between…
Condyles of the femur and tibia
Posterior surface of the patella and the patellar surface of the femur
Fibula is NOT involved in the knee joint
Movements at the knee
Flexion
Extension
Rotation
What is the primary lateral rotator of the flexed knee?
Biceps femoris
4 primary medial rotators of the flexed knee
Semimembranosus
Semiteninosus
Gracilis
Sartorius
Bursae
Small fluid filled sacs lined by synovial membranes
Provides a cushion between bones, tendons, and muscles around a joint
Reduces friction
Stability of the knee is provided by… (5)
Ligaments (mainly) Menisci Muscles (and their tendons) Shape of the bones IT bands
Lateral collateral ligament
From femur to fibula
Not attached to the lateral meniscus
Cord like and narrow
Medial collateral ligament
From femur to tibia
Attached to the medial meniscus
Stronger than lateral
Most commonly injured
Menisci
Fibrocartilanginous structures
Shock absorbers
Medial vs Lateral menisci shapes
Medial: C shaped
Lateral: O shaped
2 internal ligaments of the knee
Anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments
ACL
Anterior cruciate ligament
From the anterior intercondylar area of the tibia to the medial surface of the lateral femoral condyle
Prevents anterior dislocation of tibia on femur
PCL
Posterior cruciate ligament
From the posterior intercondylar area of the tibia to the lateral surface of the medial femoral condyle
Prevents posterior dislocation of tibia on femur
How do you test which cruciate ligament is injured?
Anterior or posterior drawer test
Which way does the patella normally dislocate?
Laterally
What resists patellar dislocation
Shape of the patella and intercondylar recess on the front of the femur
Asymmetrical pull of the vasti (vastus medialis more horizontal than those of the lateralis)
Great saphenous vein
Largest vein that drains into the femoral vein
Often a source for a vessel when one is needed for a graft
Margins of the femoral triangle
Inguinal ligament
Sartorius
Adductor longus
The order of structures in the femoral bundle
From medial to lateral
Femoral vein, artery, nerve
Patellar ligament
Between the patella and the tibia
Quadriceps tendon
Between the quadriceps femoris and the patella
Patella is in the tendon
