Abdomen Flashcards
Boundaries of the abdominal cavity
Superior: diaphragm
Posterior: Lumbar vertebrae and posterior abdominal muscles
Anterolateral: muscles of anterolateral abdominal wall
Inferior: pelvic inlet
Pelvic inlet
Imaginary line
Between pubic bone and sacrum
Omentum
Connects two viscera
Mesentery
Double layers of parietal peritoneum that connects the organs to the posterior abdominal wall
Contain bloods, lymphatic vessels, nerves and fat tissue
Greater omentum
Membranous sheet between the greater curvature of the stomach, folds onto itself, and connects posteriorly and superiorly to the transverse colon
“Fatty apron”
Covers small intestine and transverse colon
Has a protective role - will wrap itself around inflamed areas
Lesser omentum
Between liver and the lesser curvature of the stomach
Duodenum
First part of the small intestine C-shaped Retroperitoneal No mesentery Food is mixed with enzymatic secretions of pancreas and liver to initiate chemical digestion of food
Jejunum
Proximal 2/5 of small intestine Fewer arterial arcades Longer vasa recta (The arches are longer) Along with the ileum, it is the site for most of the digestion and absorption of nutrients
Ileum
Distal 3/5 of the small intestine
More arterial arcades
Shorter vasa recta
(The arches are shorter)
Along with the jejunum, it is the site for most of the digestion and absorption of nutrients
Slightly thinner diameter and wall then the jejunum
3 unpaired branches of the abdominal aorta
Celiac trunk
Superior mesenteric artery
Inferior mesenteric artery
What structures come from the foregut?
Terminal esophagus Stomach Liver Pancreas 1st part of the duodenum
What structures come from the midgut?
The rest of the duodenum, jejunum, ileum, cecum, appendix, ascending colon and the right 2/3 of the transverse colon
What structures come from the hindgut?
Left 1/3 of the transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon, rectum and upper 2/3 of anal canal
What branches supply the:
- Foregut
- Midgut
- Hindgut
- Celiac trunk
- Superior mesenteric artery
- Inferior mesenteric artery
3 main branches of the celiac trunk
Hepatic artery (to liver - the right) Left gastric artery (to stomach - upwards) Splenic artery (to spleen - really twisted one)
Inferior mesenteric vein drains ___ and empties into ___
- Hindgut
2. Splenic vein
Superior mesenteric vein drains ___ and joins ___ to form ____
- Midgut
- Splenic vein
- Portal vein
Portal vein
Opens into the liver
Liver then filters blood, and 4 small hepatic veins carry filtered blood into the inferior vena cava
Celiac trunk is drained by what vein?
The splenic vein
Falciform ligament
On the anterior surface of the liver
Connects to the anterior abdominal wall
Ligament of teres
Also called round ligament
Remnant of the fetal umbilical vein
Exists in the free edge of the falciform ligament
Porta hepatis
Door to the liver = a fissure on the inferior surface of the liver
Contains hepatic artery, portal vein, and left and right hepatic ducts
Cystic duct
Takes bile from the gall bladder to the common hepatic duct, then to duodenum
Biliary system parts
Liver
Gall bladder
Bile duct
Order that bile travels
Right and left hepatic ducts join to form the common hepatic duct
Common hepatic duct joins cystic duct to form the bile duct (also called the common bile duct)
Sympathetic innervation of the digestive system
Thoracic splanchnic nerves from sympathetic chain
Parasympathetic innervation of the digestive system
Cranio-sacral origin
Vagus nerve (CN 10)
Pelvic splanchnic nerves (S2, S3, S4)
Where is the transition from vagus nerve supply to pelvic splanchnic nerves?
Midway through the transverse colon
Foregut and midgut innervated by vagus, hindgut innervated by pelvic splanchnic
Retroperitoneal or Intraperitoneal?
- Duodenum
- Ascending colon
- Transverse colon
- Descending colon
- Sigmoid colon
- Pancreas
- Spleen
- Proximal bit is intraperitoneal, most is retro
- Retroperitoneal
- Intraperitoneal
- Retroperitoneal
- Intraperitoneal
- Retroperitoneal
- Intraperitoneal
