Abdomen

Question 1

Boundaries of the abdominal cavity

Answer 1

Superior: diaphragm
Posterior: Lumbar vertebrae and posterior abdominal muscles
Anterolateral: muscles of anterolateral abdominal wall
Inferior: pelvic inlet

Question 2

Pelvic inlet

Answer 2

Imaginary line

Between pubic bone and sacrum

Question 3

Omentum

Answer 3

Connects two viscera

Question 4

Mesentery

Answer 4

Double layers of parietal peritoneum that connects the organs to the posterior abdominal wall
Contain bloods, lymphatic vessels, nerves and fat tissue

Question 5

Greater omentum

Answer 5

Membranous sheet between the greater curvature of the stomach, folds onto itself, and connects posteriorly and superiorly to the transverse colon
“Fatty apron”
Covers small intestine and transverse colon
Has a protective role - will wrap itself around inflamed areas

Question 6

Lesser omentum

Answer 6

Between liver and the lesser curvature of the stomach

Question 7

Duodenum

Answer 7

First part of the small intestine
C-shaped
Retroperitoneal
No mesentery
Food is mixed with enzymatic secretions of pancreas and liver to initiate chemical digestion of food

Question 8

Jejunum

Answer 8

Proximal 2/5 of small intestine
Fewer arterial arcades 
Longer vasa recta
(The arches are longer)
Along with the ileum, it is the site for most of the digestion and absorption of nutrients

Question 9

Ileum

Answer 9

Distal 3/5 of the small intestine
More arterial arcades
Shorter vasa recta
(The arches are shorter)
Along with the jejunum, it is the site for most of the digestion and absorption of nutrients
Slightly thinner diameter and wall then the jejunum

Question 10

3 unpaired branches of the abdominal aorta

Answer 10

Celiac trunk
Superior mesenteric artery
Inferior mesenteric artery

Question 11

What structures come from the foregut?

Answer 11

Terminal esophagus
Stomach
Liver
Pancreas
1st part of the duodenum

Question 12

What structures come from the midgut?

Answer 12

The rest of the duodenum, jejunum, ileum, cecum, appendix, ascending colon and the right 2/3 of the transverse colon

Question 13

What structures come from the hindgut?

Answer 13

Left 1/3 of the transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon, rectum and upper 2/3 of anal canal

Question 14

What branches supply the:

1. Foregut
2. Midgut
3. Hindgut

Answer 14

1. Celiac trunk
2. Superior mesenteric artery
3. Inferior mesenteric artery

Question 15

3 main branches of the celiac trunk

Answer 15

Hepatic artery (to liver - the right)
Left gastric artery (to stomach - upwards)
Splenic artery (to spleen - really twisted one)

Question 16

Inferior mesenteric vein drains ___ and empties into ___

Answer 16

1. Hindgut

2. Splenic vein

Question 17

Superior mesenteric vein drains ___ and joins ___ to form ____

Answer 17

1. Midgut
2. Splenic vein
3. Portal vein

Question 18

Portal vein

Answer 18

Opens into the liver

Liver then filters blood, and 4 small hepatic veins carry filtered blood into the inferior vena cava

Question 19

Celiac trunk is drained by what vein?

Answer 19

The splenic vein

Question 20

Falciform ligament

Answer 20

On the anterior surface of the liver

Connects to the anterior abdominal wall

Question 21

Ligament of teres

Answer 21

Also called round ligament
Remnant of the fetal umbilical vein
Exists in the free edge of the falciform ligament

Question 22

Porta hepatis

Answer 22

Door to the liver = a fissure on the inferior surface of the liver
Contains hepatic artery, portal vein, and left and right hepatic ducts

Question 23

Cystic duct

Answer 23

Takes bile from the gall bladder to the common hepatic duct, then to duodenum

Question 24

Biliary system parts

Answer 24

Liver
Gall bladder
Bile duct

Question 25

Order that bile travels

Answer 25

Right and left hepatic ducts join to form the common hepatic duct
Common hepatic duct joins cystic duct to form the bile duct (also called the common bile duct)

Question 26

Sympathetic innervation of the digestive system

Answer 26

Thoracic splanchnic nerves from sympathetic chain

Question 27

Parasympathetic innervation of the digestive system

Answer 27

Cranio-sacral origin
Vagus nerve (CN 10)
Pelvic splanchnic nerves (S2, S3, S4)

Question 28

Where is the transition from vagus nerve supply to pelvic splanchnic nerves?

Answer 28

Midway through the transverse colon

Foregut and midgut innervated by vagus, hindgut innervated by pelvic splanchnic

Question 29

Retroperitoneal or Intraperitoneal?

1. Duodenum
2. Ascending colon
3. Transverse colon
4. Descending colon
5. Sigmoid colon
6. Pancreas
7. Spleen

Answer 29

1. Proximal bit is intraperitoneal, most is retro
2. Retroperitoneal
3. Intraperitoneal
4. Retroperitoneal
5. Intraperitoneal
6. Retroperitoneal
7. Intraperitoneal