Leg Flashcards
Bones in the talocrural joint (ankle joint)
Tibia
Fibula
Talus
How many tarsals are there?
7
Names of the tarsal bones
Talus Calcaneus (heel) Cuboid (lateral) Navicular (medial) 3 cuneiforms (between the navicular and the metatarsals)
4 movements of the foot
Dorsiflexion (extension)
Plantarflexion (flexion)
Eversion
Inversion
General function of muscles in the 1. Anterior 2. Posterior 3. Lateral compartments
- Dorsiflexors and inverters
- Plantarflexors and inverters
- Everters
Movements at the
- Ankle joint
- Subtalar joint
- Transverse tarsal joint
- Dorsiflexion/plantarflexion
- Eversion/inversion
- Eversion/inversion
Subtalar joint
Between talus and calcaneus
Eversion and inversion
Transverse tarsal joint
Talonavicular joint and calcaneocuboid joints
Eversion and inversion
Innervation of the posterior compartment
Tibial nerve
Common fibular nerve branches into…
Deep and superficial fibular nerve
Superficial innervates lateral compartment
Deep innervates anterior compartment
Functions and innervations of muscles in the anterior compartment
Dorsiflexors of the foot
Extensors of the toes
Inverters of the foot
Innervated by the deep peroneal nerve
3 muscles in the anterior compartment
Tibialis anterior
Extensor digitorum longus
Extensor hallucis longus
Function of
- Tibialis anterior
- Extensor digitorum longus
- Extensor hallucis longus
- Dorsiflexion and inversion of foot
- Extension of toes, dorsiflexion of foot
- Extension of big toe
Functions and innervations of muscles in the posterior compartment
Plantarflexors of the foot Flexors of the knee Flexors of the toes Inverters of the foot Innervated by the tibial nerve
6 muscles in the posterior compartment
Gastrocnemius Soleus Plantaris Tibialis posterior Flexor digitorum longus Flexor hallucis longus
Gastocnemius
Two heads
Crosses BOTH the knee and ankle joints
Connects to the heel via Achilles tendon
Plantarflexion of the foot and flexion of the knee
Calcaneal tendon
Achilles tendon
Joined tendons of gastrocnemius, soleus, and plantaris
Attaches to the calcaneus
What is the only muscle that crosses both the knee and ankle?
Gastrocnemius
Soleus function
Plantarflexion
Tibialis posterior function
Plantarflexion of the foot
Inversion of the foot
Tom, Dick and Harry
Deep muscles of the leg
T: Tibialis posterior
D: Flexor digitorum longus
an: posterior tibial artery, tibial nerve
H: Flexor hallucis longus
Pass behind the medial malleolus to reach the foot
Function and innervation of muscles in the lateral compartment
Everters of the foot
Innervated by the superficial peroneal nerve
2 muscles in the lateral compartment
Peroneus (Fibularis) longus
Peroneus (Fibularis) brevis (stops at the foot)
Both pass behind the lateral malleolus
Common peroneal nerve splits into…
And innervates…
Superficial peroneal nerve (lateral compartment)
Deep peroneal nerve (anterior compartment)
Tom, Dick, and Harry pass behind what structure?
Medial malleolus
Peroneus longus and brevis pass behind what structure?
Lateral malleolus
Plantaris muscle
Small vestigial muscle
Femur to calcaneus vis Achilles tendon
Weak plantarflexor of the foot and flexion of the knee
