Leg

Question 1

Bones in the talocrural joint (ankle joint)

Answer 1

Tibia
Fibula
Talus

Question 2

How many tarsals are there?

Answer 2

7

Question 3

Names of the tarsal bones

Answer 3

Talus
Calcaneus (heel)
Cuboid (lateral)
Navicular (medial)
3 cuneiforms (between the navicular and the metatarsals)

Question 4

4 movements of the foot

Answer 4

Dorsiflexion (extension)
Plantarflexion (flexion)
Eversion
Inversion

Question 5

General function of muscles in the
1. Anterior
2. Posterior
3. Lateral
compartments

Answer 5

1. Dorsiflexors and inverters
2. Plantarflexors and inverters
3. Everters

Question 6

Movements at the

1. Ankle joint
2. Subtalar joint
3. Transverse tarsal joint

Answer 6

1. Dorsiflexion/plantarflexion
2. Eversion/inversion
3. Eversion/inversion

Question 7

Subtalar joint

Answer 7

Between talus and calcaneus

Eversion and inversion

Question 8

Transverse tarsal joint

Answer 8

Talonavicular joint and calcaneocuboid joints

Eversion and inversion

Question 9

Innervation of the posterior compartment

Answer 9

Tibial nerve

Question 10

Common fibular nerve branches into…

Answer 10

Deep and superficial fibular nerve
Superficial innervates lateral compartment
Deep innervates anterior compartment

Question 11

Functions and innervations of muscles in the anterior compartment

Answer 11

Dorsiflexors of the foot
Extensors of the toes
Inverters of the foot
Innervated by the deep peroneal nerve

Question 12

3 muscles in the anterior compartment

Answer 12

Tibialis anterior
Extensor digitorum longus
Extensor hallucis longus

Question 13

Function of

1. Tibialis anterior
2. Extensor digitorum longus
3. Extensor hallucis longus

Answer 13

1. Dorsiflexion and inversion of foot
2. Extension of toes, dorsiflexion of foot
3. Extension of big toe

Question 14

Functions and innervations of muscles in the posterior compartment

Answer 14

Plantarflexors of the foot
Flexors of the knee
Flexors of the toes
Inverters of the foot
Innervated by the tibial nerve

Question 15

6 muscles in the posterior compartment

Answer 15

Gastrocnemius
Soleus
Plantaris
Tibialis posterior
Flexor digitorum longus
Flexor hallucis longus

Question 16

Gastocnemius

Answer 16

Two heads
Crosses BOTH the knee and ankle joints
Connects to the heel via Achilles tendon
Plantarflexion of the foot and flexion of the knee

Question 17

Calcaneal tendon

Answer 17

Achilles tendon
Joined tendons of gastrocnemius, soleus, and plantaris
Attaches to the calcaneus

Question 18

What is the only muscle that crosses both the knee and ankle?

Answer 18

Gastrocnemius

Question 19

Soleus function

Answer 19

Plantarflexion

Question 20

Tibialis posterior function

Answer 20

Plantarflexion of the foot

Inversion of the foot

Question 21

Tom, Dick and Harry

Answer 21

Deep muscles of the leg
T: Tibialis posterior
D: Flexor digitorum longus
an: posterior tibial artery, tibial nerve
H: Flexor hallucis longus
Pass behind the medial malleolus to reach the foot

Question 22

Function and innervation of muscles in the lateral compartment

Answer 22

Everters of the foot

Innervated by the superficial peroneal nerve

Question 23

2 muscles in the lateral compartment

Answer 23

Peroneus (Fibularis) longus
Peroneus (Fibularis) brevis (stops at the foot)
Both pass behind the lateral malleolus

Question 24

Common peroneal nerve splits into…

And innervates…

Answer 24

Superficial peroneal nerve (lateral compartment)

Deep peroneal nerve (anterior compartment)

Question 25

Tom, Dick, and Harry pass behind what structure?

Answer 25

Medial malleolus

Question 26

Peroneus longus and brevis pass behind what structure?

Answer 26

Lateral malleolus

Question 27

Plantaris muscle

Answer 27

Small vestigial muscle
Femur to calcaneus vis Achilles tendon
Weak plantarflexor of the foot and flexion of the knee