Osteoarthritis Flashcards
What is the onset and duration of osteoarthritis?
Chronic progressive
What drugs are contraindicated in osteoarthritis?
Steroids
Inhibition of which receptors is the mainstay of medical treatment of OA?
Cox-2 (NSAIDs)
What are clinical characteristics of OA?
Joint pain/effusion, decreased ROM/limited movement
What causes altered joint fluid assoc. w/OA?
Reduced proteoglycan concentration in cartilage, incr. water content, imbalance between synthesis/degradation of matrix macromolecules
What causes bone and cartilage changes assoc. w/OA?
Collagen fibril disruption and loss of articular cartilage, sclerosis, osteophytes
How can you conservatively treat OA?
Regular, limited exercise, maintain lean BCS
How does inhibition of COX-2 help treat OA?
Decreases production of proinflammatory prostaglandins (prevents stimulation of nociceptors)
Which receptor is responsible for prostaglandins assoc. w/pain and inflammation?
Cox-2
What is the greatest concern regarding medical treatment of OA with NSAIDs?
GI toxicity d/t decr. protective
What can chronic NSAID use lead to?
Perforating GI ulceration, renal issues
How can corticosteroids positively affect an OA joint?
Inhibit IL-1 and TNF-a
How can corticosteroids negatively affect an OA joint?
Inhibit proteoglycan and collagen synthesis = changes in articular cartilage
What is the most commonly used veterinary formulation of glucosamine and chondroitin sulfate?
Cosequin
Necessary for synthesis of glycosaminoglycans
Glucosamine
Mixture of highly sulfated glycosaminoglycans
Adequan
How does Adequan affect a joint?
Protective effect on cartilage homeostatis
Large linear glycosaminoglycan that acts as a lubricant and shock attenuator
Hyaluronan
This anti-inflammatory medication interferes w/O2-derived free radicals, interferes w/chemotaxis of inflammatory cells and inhibits degradative enzymes
Hyaluronan
Where in the shoulder is OCD likely to occur?
Caudal aspect of humeral head
Where in the elbow is OCD likely to occur?
Medial aspect of humeral condyles
Where in the tarsocrural joint is OCD likely to occur?
Trochlear ridge of talus
Where in the stifle joint is OCD likely to occur?
Femoral condyle
Lameness and pain on extension and flexion of the joint indicate what type of joint disease?
Osteoarthritis
How do you medically manage osteoarthritis?
NSAIDs, glucosamine
