Osteoarthritis Flashcards

1
Q

What is the onset and duration of osteoarthritis?

A

Chronic progressive

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2
Q

What drugs are contraindicated in osteoarthritis?

A

Steroids

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3
Q

Inhibition of which receptors is the mainstay of medical treatment of OA?

A

Cox-2 (NSAIDs)

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4
Q

What are clinical characteristics of OA?

A

Joint pain/effusion, decreased ROM/limited movement

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5
Q

What causes altered joint fluid assoc. w/OA?

A

Reduced proteoglycan concentration in cartilage, incr. water content, imbalance between synthesis/degradation of matrix macromolecules

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6
Q

What causes bone and cartilage changes assoc. w/OA?

A

Collagen fibril disruption and loss of articular cartilage, sclerosis, osteophytes

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7
Q

How can you conservatively treat OA?

A

Regular, limited exercise, maintain lean BCS

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8
Q

How does inhibition of COX-2 help treat OA?

A

Decreases production of proinflammatory prostaglandins (prevents stimulation of nociceptors)

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9
Q

Which receptor is responsible for prostaglandins assoc. w/pain and inflammation?

A

Cox-2

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10
Q

What is the greatest concern regarding medical treatment of OA with NSAIDs?

A

GI toxicity d/t decr. protective

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11
Q

What can chronic NSAID use lead to?

A

Perforating GI ulceration, renal issues

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12
Q

How can corticosteroids positively affect an OA joint?

A

Inhibit IL-1 and TNF-a

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13
Q

How can corticosteroids negatively affect an OA joint?

A

Inhibit proteoglycan and collagen synthesis = changes in articular cartilage

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14
Q

What is the most commonly used veterinary formulation of glucosamine and chondroitin sulfate?

A

Cosequin

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15
Q

Necessary for synthesis of glycosaminoglycans

A

Glucosamine

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16
Q

Mixture of highly sulfated glycosaminoglycans

A

Adequan

17
Q

How does Adequan affect a joint?

A

Protective effect on cartilage homeostatis

18
Q

Large linear glycosaminoglycan that acts as a lubricant and shock attenuator

A

Hyaluronan

19
Q

This anti-inflammatory medication interferes w/O2-derived free radicals, interferes w/chemotaxis of inflammatory cells and inhibits degradative enzymes

A

Hyaluronan

20
Q

Where in the shoulder is OCD likely to occur?

A

Caudal aspect of humeral head

21
Q

Where in the elbow is OCD likely to occur?

A

Medial aspect of humeral condyles

22
Q

Where in the tarsocrural joint is OCD likely to occur?

A

Trochlear ridge of talus

23
Q

Where in the stifle joint is OCD likely to occur?

A

Femoral condyle

24
Q

Lameness and pain on extension and flexion of the joint indicate what type of joint disease?

A

Osteoarthritis

25
Q

How do you medically manage osteoarthritis?

A

NSAIDs, glucosamine