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Orthopedics/Surgery > Misc Equine Orthopedics > Flashcards

Misc Equine Orthopedics Flashcards

1
Q

How is P3 affected by laminits?

A

Rotates w/inflammation and degeneration of lamina

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2
Q

What are factors that predispose to laminitis?

A

Systemic disease, high carb diet, excessive weight bearing, steroids

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3
Q

How do you dx laminitis?

A

Palmar digital block, change in angulation on P3 rads

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4
Q

How do you treat laminitis?

A

Phenoxybenzamine

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5
Q

What is the MoA of phenoxybenzamine?

A

Alpha antagonist promotine vasodilation and blood flow to the digit

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6
Q

Inflammation of the growth plates of long bones in young horses

A

Physitis

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7
Q

What can physitis cause?

A

Conformational defects, malnutrition, growth plate compression

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8
Q

Tearing of ligamentous attachments to the sesamoids

A

Sesamoiditis

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9
Q

What causes sesamoiditis?

A

Strenuous exercise

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10
Q

What will you see on radiographs of sesamoiditis?

A

New bone formation, radiolucent lines

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11
Q

How do you treat sesamoiditis?

A

Long-term rest and NSAIDs

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12
Q

What is the prognosis of sesamoiditis?

A

Guarded to poor

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13
Q

What fracture is suspensory ligament desmitis assoc. w/?

A

Apical fracture of prox sesamoid bone

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14
Q

How long does it take a suspensory ligament desmitis to heal?

A

7-9mo

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15
Q

What % of horses with suspensory lig desmitis return to normal use?

A

55%

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16
Q

What is splints?

A

Intraosseous desmitis

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17
Q

Inflammation of intraosseous lig between MC3/MT3 and splint bones

A

Splints (intraosseous desmitits)

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18
Q

What causes intraosseous desmitits (splints)?

A

Repetitive concussion, excessive training, improper shoeing

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19
Q

How do you treat intraosseous desmitits (splints)?

A

Rest and NSAIDs

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20
Q

In which bone is a carpal chip fracture located?

A

Radius

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21
Q

In which bone is a carpal slab fracture located?

A

3rd metacarpal

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22
Q

How do you treat a carpal (chip or slab) fracture?

A

Arthroscopic repair

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23
Q

Immediate swelling and severe lameness are clinical signs of what?

A

Carpal fracture

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24
Q

Usually a non-reconstructable comminuted fracture that carries a grave prognosis for return to function

A

Tibial fracture

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25
Why are tibial fractures usually so bad for horses?
Lack of soft tissue coverage, highly susceptible to infection
26
What is a prognostic indicator for a P3 fracture?
As long as articular surface is not involved, px is good
27
How do you repair a non-comminuted P1 fracture?
Lag screws
28
How do you treat an ulnar fracture?
Bone plates
29
What is the prognosis for an ulnar fracture?
Good, 70% return to function
30
Defect in endochondral ossification that leads to a cartilage flap
Osteochondrosis
31
What is osteochondrosis assoc. w/in young horses?
Dietary Ca and Vit D
32
When are horses most commonly diagnosed with osteochondrosis?
When young horses start to train
33
What is a carpal hygroma?
Fluid filled swelling at the carpus
34
What causes navicular syndrome?
Problems w/navicular bone, navicular suspensory lig, navicular bursa, or DDFT
35
Which nerve block provides relief for navicular syndrome?
Palmar digital
36
What will you see on rads of navicular syndrome?
Bone remodeling, osteophytes
37
Why won't you see osteolysis on rads of navicular syndrome?
Not chronic degenerative condition
38
What causes a carpal hygroma?
Repeated trauma leading to local bursitis
39
What are clinical signs of a carpal hygroma?
Decr. ROM but NOT lame
40
What is quittor?
Chronic infection of P3 cartilage
41
How do you treat a subsolar abscess?
Disinfectants, drainage
42
How soon will you see draining lesions at the coronary band assoc. w/a subsolar abscess if you leave it untreated?
2-3wk
43
What causes club foot?
DDFT contracture
44
What controls the stretch of the long tendon of the DDF?
Distal check ligament
45
What can cause club foot?
Rapid bone growth, excessive feeding, poor nutrition, lack of exercise
46
How do you treat club foot?
Distal check desmotomy for DDF contracture | Prox check dsmotomy for SDF contracture
47
What will tendonitis lead to?
Bowed tendon
48
What is a clinical sign of tendonitis?
Intermittent lameness that resolved after working the horse
49
How long does it take for a tendon to heal?
8-11mo
50
How can you dx tendonitis w/ultrasound?
Anechoic regions within the tendon
51
What is the most commonly injured tendon in a horse?
SDFT
52
What is curb?
Thickening of the tarsal ligament d/t strain
53
What is sweeny?
Supraspinatus contracture
54
What is stringhalt?
Myoclonic dz of one or both pelvic limbs
55
What poisoning causes stringhalt?
Sweet pea
56
What are clinical signs of stringhalt?
Hyperflexion of leg with each step
57
How do you treat stringhalt?
Lateral digital extensor tenectomy
58
What is bone spavin?
OA of the hock
59
What is bog spavin?
Tarsal hydrarthrosis
60
Chronic synovitis of tibiotarsal joint w/distention of the joint capsule d/t incr. synovial fluid production
Bog spavin
61
What causes bog spavin?
Poor conformation (usually affects both limbs)
62
What is ringbone?
OA of phalanges
63
How do you treat ringbone?
Sx arthrodesis of pastern joint, complete rest
64
If a horse can extend its hock and flex its stifle simultaneously, what is the problem?
Peroneus tertius rupture
65
Inflammation of the structures of the feet assoc. w/demineralization of P3
Pedal osteitis
66
This disease is seen in performance horses and is assoc. w/working on hard surfaces
Pedal osteitis
67
How do you treat pedal osteitis?
Prolonged rest, NSAIDs, corrective shoeing
68
Which horses are most predisposed to angular limb deformities?
Premature foals (born prior to 320d gestation)
69
How can you tell if a foal is premature on rads?
Incomplete ossification of carpal/tarsal bones
70
What is valgus?
Lateral deviation
71
What is varus?
Medial deviation
72
How do you treat an angular limb deformity?
Periosteal stripping of concave side of growth plate
73
What are clinical signs of premature birth in foals?
Silky haircoat, floppy ears, flexor tendon laxity

Orthopedics/Surgery (16 decks)

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