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Orthopedics/Surgery > Misc Equine Orthopedics > Flashcards

Misc Equine Orthopedics Flashcards

1
Q

How is P3 affected by laminits?

A

Rotates w/inflammation and degeneration of lamina

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2
Q

What are factors that predispose to laminitis?

A

Systemic disease, high carb diet, excessive weight bearing, steroids

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3
Q

How do you dx laminitis?

A

Palmar digital block, change in angulation on P3 rads

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4
Q

How do you treat laminitis?

A

Phenoxybenzamine

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5
Q

What is the MoA of phenoxybenzamine?

A

Alpha antagonist promotine vasodilation and blood flow to the digit

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6
Q

Inflammation of the growth plates of long bones in young horses

A

Physitis

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7
Q

What can physitis cause?

A

Conformational defects, malnutrition, growth plate compression

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8
Q

Tearing of ligamentous attachments to the sesamoids

A

Sesamoiditis

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9
Q

What causes sesamoiditis?

A

Strenuous exercise

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10
Q

What will you see on radiographs of sesamoiditis?

A

New bone formation, radiolucent lines

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11
Q

How do you treat sesamoiditis?

A

Long-term rest and NSAIDs

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12
Q

What is the prognosis of sesamoiditis?

A

Guarded to poor

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13
Q

What fracture is suspensory ligament desmitis assoc. w/?

A

Apical fracture of prox sesamoid bone

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14
Q

How long does it take a suspensory ligament desmitis to heal?

A

7-9mo

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15
Q

What % of horses with suspensory lig desmitis return to normal use?

A

55%

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16
Q

What is splints?

A

Intraosseous desmitis

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17
Q

Inflammation of intraosseous lig between MC3/MT3 and splint bones

A

Splints (intraosseous desmitits)

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18
Q

What causes intraosseous desmitits (splints)?

A

Repetitive concussion, excessive training, improper shoeing

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19
Q

How do you treat intraosseous desmitits (splints)?

A

Rest and NSAIDs

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20
Q

In which bone is a carpal chip fracture located?

A

Radius

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21
Q

In which bone is a carpal slab fracture located?

A

3rd metacarpal

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22
Q

How do you treat a carpal (chip or slab) fracture?

A

Arthroscopic repair

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23
Q

Immediate swelling and severe lameness are clinical signs of what?

A

Carpal fracture

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24
Q

Usually a non-reconstructable comminuted fracture that carries a grave prognosis for return to function

A

Tibial fracture

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25
Q

Why are tibial fractures usually so bad for horses?

A

Lack of soft tissue coverage, highly susceptible to infection

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26
Q

What is a prognostic indicator for a P3 fracture?

A

As long as articular surface is not involved, px is good

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27
Q

How do you repair a non-comminuted P1 fracture?

A

Lag screws

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28
Q

How do you treat an ulnar fracture?

A

Bone plates

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29
Q

What is the prognosis for an ulnar fracture?

A

Good, 70% return to function

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30
Q

Defect in endochondral ossification that leads to a cartilage flap

A

Osteochondrosis

31
Q

What is osteochondrosis assoc. w/in young horses?

A

Dietary Ca and Vit D

32
Q

When are horses most commonly diagnosed with osteochondrosis?

A

When young horses start to train

33
Q

What is a carpal hygroma?

A

Fluid filled swelling at the carpus

34
Q

What causes navicular syndrome?

A

Problems w/navicular bone, navicular suspensory lig, navicular bursa, or DDFT

35
Q

Which nerve block provides relief for navicular syndrome?

A

Palmar digital

36
Q

What will you see on rads of navicular syndrome?

A

Bone remodeling, osteophytes

37
Q

Why won’t you see osteolysis on rads of navicular syndrome?

A

Not chronic degenerative condition

38
Q

What causes a carpal hygroma?

A

Repeated trauma leading to local bursitis

39
Q

What are clinical signs of a carpal hygroma?

A

Decr. ROM but NOT lame

40
Q

What is quittor?

A

Chronic infection of P3 cartilage

41
Q

How do you treat a subsolar abscess?

A

Disinfectants, drainage

42
Q

How soon will you see draining lesions at the coronary band assoc. w/a subsolar abscess if you leave it untreated?

43
Q

What causes club foot?

A

DDFT contracture

44
Q

What controls the stretch of the long tendon of the DDF?

A

Distal check ligament

45
Q

What can cause club foot?

A

Rapid bone growth, excessive feeding, poor nutrition, lack of exercise

46
Q

How do you treat club foot?

A

Distal check desmotomy for DDF contracture

Prox check dsmotomy for SDF contracture

47
Q

What will tendonitis lead to?

A

Bowed tendon

48
Q

What is a clinical sign of tendonitis?

A

Intermittent lameness that resolved after working the horse

49
Q

How long does it take for a tendon to heal?

50
Q

How can you dx tendonitis w/ultrasound?

A

Anechoic regions within the tendon

51
Q

What is the most commonly injured tendon in a horse?

52
Q

What is curb?

A

Thickening of the tarsal ligament d/t strain

53
Q

What is sweeny?

A

Supraspinatus contracture

54
Q

What is stringhalt?

A

Myoclonic dz of one or both pelvic limbs

55
Q

What poisoning causes stringhalt?

56
Q

What are clinical signs of stringhalt?

A

Hyperflexion of leg with each step

57
Q

How do you treat stringhalt?

A

Lateral digital extensor tenectomy

58
Q

What is bone spavin?

A

OA of the hock

59
Q

What is bog spavin?

A

Tarsal hydrarthrosis

60
Q

Chronic synovitis of tibiotarsal joint w/distention of the joint capsule d/t incr. synovial fluid production

A

Bog spavin

61
Q

What causes bog spavin?

A

Poor conformation (usually affects both limbs)

62
Q

What is ringbone?

A

OA of phalanges

63
Q

How do you treat ringbone?

A

Sx arthrodesis of pastern joint, complete rest

64
Q

If a horse can extend its hock and flex its stifle simultaneously, what is the problem?

A

Peroneus tertius rupture

65
Q

Inflammation of the structures of the feet assoc. w/demineralization of P3

A

Pedal osteitis

66
Q

This disease is seen in performance horses and is assoc. w/working on hard surfaces

A

Pedal osteitis

67
Q

How do you treat pedal osteitis?

A

Prolonged rest, NSAIDs, corrective shoeing

68
Q

Which horses are most predisposed to angular limb deformities?

A

Premature foals (born prior to 320d gestation)

69
Q

How can you tell if a foal is premature on rads?

A

Incomplete ossification of carpal/tarsal bones

70
Q

What is valgus?

A

Lateral deviation

71
Q

What is varus?

A

Medial deviation

72
Q

How do you treat an angular limb deformity?

A

Periosteal stripping of concave side of growth plate

73
Q

What are clinical signs of premature birth in foals?

A

Silky haircoat, floppy ears, flexor tendon laxity

Orthopedics/Surgery (16 decks)

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