OST

Question 1

What are the four stages of the Officer Safety Model?

Answer 1

I.T.P.T
Information received
Threat Assessment
Powers and Policy
Tactical Options

Question 2

What does the mnemonic C.I.A.P.O.A.R stand for and what is it used for

Answer 2

Code of Ethics
Information and Intelligence
Assess the threat 
Policy and procedures
Options and contingencies 
Action
Review

This is relative to the National Decision Model and how we justify the necessity in making decisions

Question 3

What does the mnemonic G.U.N stand for and when would it be used?

Answer 3

Use if a subject attempts to gain control of your baton or pava
Grab the weapon as tightly as possible
Undo their grip on the weapon
Neutralise the threat such as creating a reactionary gap

Question 4

What are the 3 main legislations that cover force?

Answer 4

S3 Criminal Law Act 1967
Common Law
S117 PACE 1984

Question 5

What does common law power state?

Answer 5

If you have an honest held belief that you, or another, are in imminenent danger, you may use such force as is reasonable and necessary to avert the danger (police and public power)

Question 6

What does S3 Criminal Law Act 1967 state?

Answer 6

A person may use force as is reasonable in the circumstances in the prevention of crime, or in effecting or assisting in the arrest of an offender, suspected offender or of an offender at large (police and public power)

Question 7

What does S117 PACE 1984 state?

Answer 7

Confers a power upon a constable and does not provide that the power may only be exercised with the consent of some person, other than a police officer, the officer may use reasonable force as is necessary, in th exercise of his power

Question 8

What mnemonic is used to identify what needs to be considered when assessing the risk level at an incident?

Answer 8

P.O.P
Person
Object
Place

Question 9

What are the levels of threat?

Answer 9

High and unknown

Question 10

What is ABD

Answer 10

Acute Behaviour Disorder

Question 11

What is positional asphyxia?

Answer 11

When the body is place in a position that blocks the respiration causing asphyxia

Question 12

What is the communication model/mnemonic?

Answer 12

ICRC
Intervention
Calm
Rapport 
Control

Question 13

What are the 5 concepts of handcuffing?

Answer 13

Safe approach
Correct application 
Back to back and front stack 
Check for tightness
Safe release (furthest hand first)

Question 14

In relation to firearms, what does the mnemonic C.U.T stand for?

Answer 14

Create distance (increase reactionary gap)
Use cover (from fire and sight)
Transmit (call it in)

Question 15

In relation to firearms, what are the 6 C’s?

Answer 15

Confirm (the size of the weapon)
Cover (get behind cover)
Contact (update control room)
Civilians (get MOP out of the area if practicable)
Colleagues (set up a RV point and stop other officers entering the scene)
Contain (try to contain the scene)

Question 16

List some tactical options

Answer 16

Baton, Pava, communication, empty hands, arrest, withdraw, radio, contact and cover

Question 17

What is the fighting arc?

Answer 17

The area in front of someone where their limbs can reach. Officers should be standing outside of the fighting arc to reduce the risk of getting struck. This is usually a 45 degree angle off the body

Question 18

What is a reactionary gap?

Answer 18

The gap an officer must stand away from a subject to allow for a reaction time if the subject becomes violent. This is usually 1 1/2 arms length away form subject

Question 19

List the open hand techniques

Answer 19

Palm strike
Elbow strike 
Lower leg strike 
Knee strike 
Torso strike

Question 20

List the baton technqiues

Answer 20

High strike
Low strike
Jab
Push

Question 21

What are the two stances officers should use?

Answer 21

Interview stance (show me your hands)
Defensive stance (get back)

Question 22

When striking with a weapon, what are the 3 effects that can occur?

Answer 22

Distraction, dysfunction and mental stunning

Question 23

What are the signs and symptoms that someone is suffering from positional asphyxia?

Answer 23

Dangerous body position (usually on a prone arrest, face down)
Cyanosis (face discolouring blue due to lack of oxygen)
Gurgling/gasping sounds
Violent suspect suddenly becomes very passive
Trying to move positions to get more oxygen
Telling people they cannot breathe

Question 24

What are the signs and symptoms of someone suffering from Acute Behavioural Disorder?

Answer 24

Removal of clothes
Bizarre/aggressive behaviour
Impaired thinking 
Disorientation
Hallucinations 
Unexpected physical strength 
Acute onset of paranoia 
Sweating, fever, heat intolerance 
Sudden tranquility in frenzied activity

Question 25

What are the percentage breakdowns of verbal, non verbal and words in regard to communication?

Answer 25

Non-verbal (body language) = 55%
Vocal (volume, pitch and pace, intonations, tone of voice etc) = 38%
Words = 7%

Question 26

What does the mnemonic C.A.R.E.S stand for and when would it be used?

Answer 26

When talking to a vulnerable person the CARES mnemonic should be used
Contain the situation
Approach in view
Reduce distractions (eg radio, remove helmet)
Explain what you are doing (no jargon, simple language) and listen to the person
Slow down your actions, pace and give the person more space. Call a relative if needs be