osmoregulation and excretory systems

Question 1

Homeostasis

Answer 1

a self-regulating process by which a living organism can maintain its internal stability while adjusting to changing external conditions

Question 2

Osmoconformer definition

Answer 2

osmotic pressure of body fluids and cells = surrounding solution

Question 3

Osmoregulator definition

Answer 3

osmotic pressure of body fluids and cells is homeostatically regulated despite external changes in the environment

Question 4

isotonic

Answer 4

outside and inside cell concentration and pressure are equal

Question 5

hypertonic

Answer 5

external solution has higher solute and lower water concentration = higher osmotic pressure, meaning the cells shrinks (plasmolysis)

Question 6

hypotonic

Answer 6

external solution has a low solute concentration, high water concentration compared to cell = cells will swell and burst (cytolysis)

Question 7

simple diffusion

Answer 7

channel transported molecules or lipophilic uncharged molecules can pass through the lipid bilayer

Question 8

Facilitated diffusion

Answer 8

requires no energy takes advantage of the concentration gradient, uni-one way, sym- simultaneously transports 2 molecules, Anti- possible for 2 way diffusion(uniport, Symport, Antiport)

Question 9

features and preferences of osmoconformers

Answer 9

sensitivity to salinity fluctuation, cells shrink or swell, no regulation of osmolytes, stable environments

Question 10

Stenohaline

Answer 10

an organism that cannot tolerate a wide range of salinities

Question 11

Euryhaline

Answer 11

an organism that can tolerate a wide range of salinities

Question 12

Hydromineral regulation

Answer 12

the active regulation of osmotic pressure so that homeostasis is maintained

Question 13

what do Excretory systems do?

Answer 13

help maintain homeostasis by regulating concentrations of body fluids, removal of waste products

Question 14

Principal waste products of animal metabolism

Answer 14

water - carbon - nitrogenous wastes (Ammonia, urea, uric acid)

Question 15

Ammonia NH4+

Answer 15

water soluble, excreted by most aquatic animals via the gills, toxic

Question 16

Urea CH4N2O

Answer 16

less toxic, less water soluble, removes 2N per molecule

Question 17

Uric Acid C5H4N4O3

Answer 17

even less toxic, water soluble, end product of amino acid and purine metabolism, energy expensive, missing in mammals

Question 18

Excretory organs of invertebrates

Answer 18

Protonephridia, Metanephridia, Malpighian tubes

Question 19

Protonephridia

Answer 19

flat worms

Question 20

Metanephridia

Answer 20

annelids

Question 21

Malpighian tubes in invertebrates

Answer 21

Kidneys in vertebrates

Question 22

kidneys

Answer 22

excretion and osmoregulation, vital in maintaining homeostasis, produce urine

Question 23

Urine formation

Answer 23

Filtration of plasma, reabsorption of needed materials, secretion of potassium and hydrogen ions

Question 24

urine volume is regulated by what

Answer 24

regulated by antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Question 25

ADH

Answer 25

released by pituitary gland in response to increased osmotic concentration of blood, ADH increased permeability of collecting ducts to water, as result more water reabsorbed