Immunology

Question 1

Major components of the immune system

Answer 1

Physical barriers, soluble factors, cells and tissues

Question 2

basic structure of the immune system

Answer 2

recognition - communication - response

Question 3

Recognition characteristics

Answer 3

Pattern recog, receptor divicity, binding at cell membrane initiates cytoplasmic changes leading to effector response

Question 4

Communication

Answer 4

soluble signals, cell messengers, trans-membranes signal transducers

Question 5

Response

Answer 5

agglutinating lytic or toxic proteins other lethal chemicals aggressive cell

Question 6

cellular processes for immune defence

Answer 6

phagocytosis, cell-mediated cytotoxicity, encapsulation, Apoptosis

Question 7

Soluble molecules

Answer 7

Antimicrobila peptides, reactive oxygen species, enzymes

Question 8

PRRs

Answer 8

pattern recognition receptors - expressed by host, esssential for host survival, highly variable

Question 9

PAMPs

Answer 9

Pathogen associated molecular patterns - only microbial, essential for microbial survival

Question 10

3 stages of phagocytosis

Answer 10

Recognition - ingestion - killing and degradation

Question 11

Acoelomates - sponges, cnidarians, flatworms

Answer 11

filter feeders - no blood or immune system

Question 12

Other defence molecules

Answer 12

Alkaloids, terpenoids and steroids for defence

Question 13

Coelomocytes and haemocytes are what?

Answer 13

the first specialised defence cells

Question 14

recognition molecules that occur in protostomes

Answer 14

lectins, LPS-binding proteins, glucan binding proteins, toll receptors, FREPs, DScams

Question 15

Toll receptor

Answer 15

top confers differential specificity bottom is cytoplasmic, recognition at membrane surface leads to production of effectors

Question 16

FREPs (fibrinogen related proteins)

Answer 16

FREP proteins bind agglutinate and kill sporocyst in haemolymph is gastropods

Question 17

DScam (Down syndrome cell adhesion molecules)

Answer 17

expressed by arthropods phagocytes generates a huge array of proteins, expressed proteins have a fibronectin domain and a trans-membrane domain

Question 18

How do DScams work as recognition molecules

Answer 18

injury - proteins secreted - those with igSF domain bind to the non-self agent - binds to DSCAM receptor on the phagocyte - cell bound DSCAM binds pathogen directly - pathogens are phagocytosed