Osmoregulation Flashcards
(28 cards)
What is the fundamental problem that requires locomotion
Maintaining proper balance of water and dissolved solutes within bodys cells and tissues relative to external environment
Blood Plasma
-largest portion of human blood
-55% of total blood volume
-primarily water (90%), and various dissolved substances -proteins, electrolytes, hormones, nutrients, waste, gas
Interstitial Fluid
-fluid that surrounds and bathes the cells of tissues in the bodies
-extracellular fluid that fills spaces between ells within a tissue
-derived from plasma and plays a role in maintaining health and function of cells
Intracellular fluid
-fluid found inside cells of body
-with fluid contained within all cell structures- cytoplasm and organelles
-major fluid components in the body
-60-70% of bodys water
Transcellular Transport
-movement f substances across epithelial cell layers that form barriers between different compartments or environments within the body
-line various surfaces and cavities in the body -digestive tract, respiratory tract, renal tubules, and blood vessels
Paracellular Transport
-refers to movement of substances between cells through the intercellular space or tight junctions that connect adjacent epithelial cells
-involves movement through the gaps between cells without crossing the cell membranes
How do aqauporins move
-facilitates movement of water molecules across biological membranes
-ply crucial role in regulating water balance and osmotic pressure in cells by allowing rapid and selective transport of water molecules
-prevents passage of ions and other solutes
What’s Osmolarity
-meausure of the concentration of the solute particles (ions or molecules) in solution
-expressed in osmoles per liter
-quantifies total number of osmolarity active particles per unit volume of solution
-used to describe the osmotic pressure and potential of a solution
What is Cell Volume Regulation
-refers to mechanisms by which cells maintain their optimal size and shape by adjusting their water content and solute concentration in response to changes in osmotic conditions or cellular activities
-maintaining proper volume is essential for normal cellular functions
-differences in cell size ca disrupt cellular processes and lead to cell damage or dysfunction
Whats ionic regulation
-physiological procs by which organisms control concentrations of ions in their internal fluids, tissues, cells
Volume regulation
-mechanisms by which cells, tissues, and organisms maintain their fluid volume and osmotic balance in response to changes in environmental conditions or physiological demands
Osmotic Regulation
-process by which organisms maintain a balance of solutes and water across cell membranes and within body fluids
What are osmoconformers
-organism that conforms to the osmotic condtitions of their external environment
-maintain their internal osmolarity- isosmotic
What are osmoregulators
-organisms that actively regulate the osmolarity of their internal fluids and maintain a stable internal environment
-external conditions don’t affect
-control water an ion balance
Osmoregulation in Freshwater fish vs Marine fish
fresh: control salt and water balance, but produces more salt and reduces water intake to prevent overhydration
marine: control salt and water balance, but allows more water into system and excretes more salt to prevent dehydration
Electrolytes vs non-electrolytes
electro: KCl, NaCl- dissociate into ions when dissolved in water -conduct electricity
non: do not dissociate, don’t conduct electricity
What are stenohaline osmoconformers
-limited in ability to tolerate changes in external osmotic conditions
-rely on osmoconformity to maintain internal osmolarity
What are Euryhaline osmoconformers
-wide tolerance to changes in external salt concentration
-capable of maintaining osmotic balance over broad range of external conditions
Salt glands in Marine birds
-specialized structures that enable marine birds to excrete excess salt received from their environment
-maintain osmotic balance and preventing dehydration
Kidney principles (5)
Principles: filtration of metabolic waste, excess ions, etc
-reabsoprtion of glucose, amino acids, filtered water back into blood stream
-secretion of hydrogen ions, potassium ions, etc to maintain acid balance
-concentration and dilution of regulating water absorption- helps conserve water when needed and excrete excess water to maintain fluid balance
-hormonal regulation
Structure of the Kidneys (4)
-renal cortex- outer region of kidney
-renal medulla- inner region- renal pyramids
-nephrons- functional units of the kidney responsible for urine production
-renal blood supply- recieve blood supply from renal arteries -branch into arterioles and glomeruli capilleries
Structure of Mammalian Kidney
-renal cortex (outer region), as gloremuli
-nephrons (functional units of kidney responsible for urine production)
-renal blood flow and filtration
Nephrons 4 processes for excretion
Filtration, Reabsorption, Secretion, Excretion
Glomerulus (filtration)- Nephrons
-network of cappileries in renal corpuscle
-blood delivered by afferent artiole
-capilleries allow small molecules and ions to pass through
-hydrostatic pressure forces water, ions, glucose, aminos out into Bowmans capsule
