Osmoregulation Flashcards
What is the fundamental problem that requires locomotion
Maintaining proper balance of water and dissolved solutes within bodys cells and tissues relative to external environment
Blood Plasma
-largest portion of human blood
-55% of total blood volume
-primarily water (90%), and various dissolved substances -proteins, electrolytes, hormones, nutrients, waste, gas
Interstitial Fluid
-fluid that surrounds and bathes the cells of tissues in the bodies
-extracellular fluid that fills spaces between ells within a tissue
-derived from plasma and plays a role in maintaining health and function of cells
Intracellular fluid
-fluid found inside cells of body
-with fluid contained within all cell structures- cytoplasm and organelles
-major fluid components in the body
-60-70% of bodys water
Transcellular Transport
-movement f substances across epithelial cell layers that form barriers between different compartments or environments within the body
-line various surfaces and cavities in the body -digestive tract, respiratory tract, renal tubules, and blood vessels
Paracellular Transport
-refers to movement of substances between cells through the intercellular space or tight junctions that connect adjacent epithelial cells
-involves movement through the gaps between cells without crossing the cell membranes
How do aqauporins move
-facilitates movement of water molecules across biological membranes
-ply crucial role in regulating water balance and osmotic pressure in cells by allowing rapid and selective transport of water molecules
-prevents passage of ions and other solutes
What’s Osmolarity
-meausure of the concentration of the solute particles (ions or molecules) in solution
-expressed in osmoles per liter
-quantifies total number of osmolarity active particles per unit volume of solution
-used to describe the osmotic pressure and potential of a solution
What is Cell Volume Regulation
-refers to mechanisms by which cells maintain their optimal size and shape by adjusting their water content and solute concentration in response to changes in osmotic conditions or cellular activities
-maintaining proper volume is essential for normal cellular functions
-differences in cell size ca disrupt cellular processes and lead to cell damage or dysfunction
Whats ionic regulation
-physiological procs by which organisms control concentrations of ions in their internal fluids, tissues, cells
Volume regulation
-mechanisms by which cells, tissues, and organisms maintain their fluid volume and osmotic balance in response to changes in environmental conditions or physiological demands
Osmotic Regulation
-process by which organisms maintain a balance of solutes and water across cell membranes and within body fluids
What are osmoconformers
-organism that conforms to the osmotic condtitions of their external environment
-maintain their internal osmolarity- isosmotic
What are osmoregulators
-organisms that actively regulate the osmolarity of their internal fluids and maintain a stable internal environment
-external conditions don’t affect
-control water an ion balance
Osmoregulation in Freshwater fish vs Marine fish
fresh: control salt and water balance, but produces more salt and reduces water intake to prevent overhydration
marine: control salt and water balance, but allows more water into system and excretes more salt to prevent dehydration
