Endocrine Regulation Flashcards
Endocrine System vs Digestive System: Similarities
-regulates and coordinates body functional to maintain homeostasis
-uses chemical signals to transmit info throughout the body
-interact and collaberate to regulate physiological processes (hypothalamus in brain is a bridge between the two by producing hormones that control the release of pituitary gland hormones)
Endocrine System vs Digestive System: Differences
-endocrine communicates via hormones released in bloodstream
-nervus communicates through APs ad neurotransmitters
-endocrine have slower responses
-endocrine effects are longer due to sub stained presence of hormones in bloodstream, neurotransmitters are short and fast
-endocrine acts on specific cells or tissues with hormones
-endocrine adapts to long term stimuli, while nervous is rapid to short term
Autocrine
-cell secretes signaling molecules (hormones or growth factors) that bind to receptors on same cell or cells of same type nearby
Paracrine
-cell secretes signaling molecules (paracrine factors) to act locally to influence neighboring cells within short distance
Endocrine
-organs and glands that produce and secrete hormones to regulate numerous physiological processes and maintain homeostasis in the body
Neuroendocrine
-interaction and integration of nervous system and endocrine system
-neurons release hormones directly into bloodstream or act on endocrine glands to regulate hormone secretion
Peptide and Protein Hormones
-composed of amino acids linked together
-act on cell surface receptors
-binding of hormone to receptor triggers signaling pathways -involve second messengers
ex) Insulin, growth hormone, oxytocin
Steroid Hormones
-derived from cholesterol and are lipid soluble
-diffuse across cell membranes and act on intracellular receptors
-bind to intracellular receptors -forms hormone receptor complexes
ex) estrogen, progesterone, testosterone
Amino acid derived hormones
-synthesized from specific amino acids (tyrosine)
-cell surface receptors or intracellular receptors
-vary amongst
ex) thyroid hormones, epinephrine, melatonin
Non- steroid Signaling
-certain hormones that do not directly enter cells but instead bind to cell surface receptors to start intracellular signaling pathways
Steroid Signaling
-hormones that are lipid soluble and can diffuse across cell membranes to bind to intracellular receptors, ultimately affecting gene expression and cellular function
Relationship of tyrosine, dopamine, epinephrine
-part of pathway that is responsible for synthesis of important neurotransmitters and hormones involved in various physiological functions
Steroid hormones form what cholesterol
Cortisol, Aldosterone, testosterone, Estrogen, Progesterone, Dihydrotestosterone
Regulation of Hormone Levels in the Blood
-multiple feedback mechanisms that ensure control over hormone secretion and maintain homeostasis
Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Endocrine axis
Pituitary Gland
Negative Feedback Mechanisms
Peripheral Tissue Feedback
Major Vertebrate Endocrine Tissues
Pituitary Gland, Thyroid Gland, Parathyroid Glands, Adrenal Glands, Pancreas, Gonads, Pineal Gland, Hypothalamus
