Metabolism

Question 1

Normal Human Daily Energy+ Organic Substances Use

Answer 1

Energy; 70% on basic organ function, 20% on physical activity, 10% for thermoregulation
Substances; delivered to tissues for ATP and heat, synthesis for structural molecules, storage for later ATP conversion

Question 2

Metabolism

Answer 2

body processes that use or produce energy; occurs at multiple states

Question 3

Metabolic Rate

Answer 3

the rate at which body energy used in metabolism

Question 4

Specific needs for metabolism

Answer 4

glycolysis- breakdown of sugar molecule into pyruvate
citric acid cycle (krebs)- oxidize acetyl-CoA -produces NADH and FADH2
oxidative phosphorylation- process by which ATP is synthesized using energy released by ETC
gluconeogenesis:

Question 5

How to estimate metabolism

Answer 5

-measure the rate at which the organism consumes O2 or produces CO2

Question 6

Energy use vs Body Mass in Ectotherms

Answer 6

-ectotherms have lower metabolic rates compared to endotherms
Kleiber’s Law- metabolic rate is proportional to body mass raised to 0.75
-as body mass incrases, metabolic rate increases at a slower rate relative to body size

Question 7

Energy Use in Endotherms

Answer 7

-higher metabolic rates compared to ectotherms due to ability to internally regulate body temp
-maintain relatively constant body temp

Question 8

Advantages+ Disadvantages of Ectothermy

Answer 8

Advantages-energy efficiency (less energy to maintain body temp)
-survival in harsh environments (adapt to external conditions)
-lower food requirements, reduced water loss
Disadvantages- dependent on external environment temp
-susceptible to rapid changes in external temp

Question 9

Advantages+ DIsadvantages of Endothermy

Answer 9

Advantages- maintain stable and high body temp regardless of external conditions
-higher metabolic activity levels
-don’t rely on external heat sources
Disadvantages- high energy requirements
-vulnerable to overheating -need cooling method (panting, sweating)
-increased water loss

Question 10

Physiology of body temp regulation in Endotherms

Answer 10

High metabolic rare to produce heat -cells metabolize nutrients through cellular respiration -produces heat
Regulation of heat losses and gains
Behavioral Changes -adapt to temps
Hormonal control to regulate temperature

Question 11

T3 and T4

Answer 11

T3 directly stimulates cellular ATP and heart production indirectly
-both regulate temp and general metabolism in body