OSHA Flashcards
What do OSHA regulations encompass?
control occupational exposures to hazardous chemicals and protect personnel from contracting diseases spread through contact with blood and other bodily fluids
What are the three separate plans clinical laboratories should have under OSHA regulations?
1) Bloodborne Pathogen Plan
2) Hazard Communication Plan
3) Chemical Hygiene Plan
What is a safety officer and the responsibilities?
OSHA requires designation of safety officer
writing and monitoring an exposure control plan
training personnel in proper handling of blood and other bodily fluids and appropriate measures if exposed
Who must follow OSHA requirements for Bloodborne Pathogens?
Employers at ANY facility who has workers who handle or have potential to contact blood or other body fluids that may contain blood borne pathogens, contaminated items
What are Universal Precautions?
OSHA requires labs to implement them.
developed by CDC in carrying out legal responsibilities mandated by Occupational Health and Safety Act of 1970 and recently enacted BLOODBORNE PATHOGENS STANDARD
Who are responsible for inspections and enforcement of OSHA regulations including blood borne pathogen standard?
Individual state OSHAs
Prior to bloodborne pathogen standard, what was OSHA regulation to control or reduce occupational exposures to blood borne viruses based on?
General occupational standards
What is the Exposure Control Plan?
Central to blood borne pathogen regulation
required plan
must describe potential risks, measures taken to protect, procedures to follow if exposed to BBPs
What are the 13 required elements of the exposure control plan for BBPs?
1) Statement of Purpose
2) Universal Precautions
3) List of Infectious Materials
4) List of Job Classifications exposed to BBP
5) Laboratory Procedures/Tasks exposed to BBP
6) Engineering AND Work Practice Controls
7) PPE
8) Housekeeping Procedures
9) Hepatitis B Vaccines
10) Post-exposure evaluation and Follow-up
11) Hazard Communication
12) Training
13) Record Keeping
What does Universal Precautions with regard to exposure control plan for BBPs mean?
1) consider all patients potentially infectious
2) Assume that all blood and other body fluids and tissues covered by Universal Precautions are contaminated with HIV or HBV AND
3) assume that all used needles and sharps are contaminated
What are the primary modes of transmission for HIV and HBV in the laboratory?
puncture wounds
skin contact causing infectious fluid or tissue to enter body through damaged or broken skin
AND
mucus membrane contact that permits infectious tissue or fluid to enter body through eyes, nose or mouth
Do employers need to pay for PPE?
Yes except for safety-toe protective footwear or prescription safety eyewear
What are engineering controls?
hand washing facilities, sharps containers, disposal containers, leak proof containers, protective shields, mechanical pipets, blood safety cabinets, other controls to prevent splatter
What kinds of agents and practices are appropriate for BSL 1 Cabinet?
Agents: not known to consistently cause diseases in humans
Practices: standard microbiological practices
B. subtilis
E. Coli
What kinds of agents and practices are appropriate for BSL 2 Cabinet?
Agents associated with human disease acquired through percutaneous injury, ingestion, mucous membrane exposure
BSL-1 Practices AND
Limited Access
Biohazard warning signs
sharps precautions
biosafety manual
s. aureus
e coli o157h7
K pneumoniae
HBV
HIV
What agents and practices are appropriate for BSL 3 cabinet?
indigenous agents that may cause SERIOUS or potentially LETHAL disease through INHALATION route of exposure
BSL-2 practices AND
controlled access
decontamination of all waste
decontamination of clothing
M. tuberculosis
B. abortus
Y. pestis
B. anthracis
C. immitis
What agents and practices are appropriate for BSL-4 Cabinet?
DANGEROUS agents that cause individual risk of aerosol-transmitted laboratory infections that are frequently FATAL, for which there are no vaccines or treatment
BSL-3 practice AND
clothing change before entering
showering on exit
all material decontaminated on exit from facility
Ebola
Lassa
marburg
How often should biosafety cabinets be certified?
when moved, at least annually and when installed
What are requirements of respirator protection plan?
Updating program
complying with medical evaluation requirements
annual fit testing
employee training
procedures for selecting respirators
annual medical evaluations
fit testing for tight fitting
procedures to ensure adequate air quality, quantity, flow of breathing air for atmosphere supplying respirators
training of employees in proper use and removal
What are work practice controls?
hand washing with soap and water immediately after any exposure and as soon as possible after removal of gloves or other PPE
appropriate handling of needles and sharps: no recapping, discarded in approved containers, sharps containers readily available, needles not sheered broken or bent, not overfilling sharps containers, dont reach into sharps containers, leaking or punctured sharps containers placed inside second container, securely closed before disposal, tongs forceps and dustpan or broom to pick up contaminated broken glass, needles, sharps that have fallen
appropriate specimen handling procedures
decontaminating potentially contaminated equipment prior to repair OR if impossible biohazard labels use be affixed prior to repair or shipment and notified about possible contamiation
What are housekeeping procedures under OSHA exposure control plan?
labs must be cleaned and uncontaminated
schedules and procedures for decontamination must be established in exposure control plan and implemented
lab must provide approved red plastic bags for special medical waste and biohazards and cleaning materials for disinfecting
What are the requirements of exposure control plan regarding Hep B vaccines?
made available within 10 days of initial employment or when requested thereafter to all employees who have potential for occupational exposure to Hep B virus
booster must be provided if recommended
no cost to employee
vaccination not needed for previous vaccination, proven immunity or contraindicated
How soon must Hep B vaccination be offered after initial employment?
Must be made available within 10 days of initial employment or when requested thereafter
What is required after exposure to BBP?
lab safety officer must complete incident report
document route of exposure
exposed individual entitled to medical evaluation, prophylaxis vaccination and lab testing for HIV and HBV
testing is free of charge at reasonable time and place
exposed individual must be tested after exposure then again at 3, 5, 12 months following incident
if REFUSES, blood should be drawn and saved for 90 days in case later testing is needed
What are the hazard communication requirements within the exposure control plan?
warning labels and signs must be posted one regulated waste, infectious materials and hazardous work areas.
labels must be securely attached and labels indicating biohazards must be fluorescent orange or orange red with lettering in contrasting color
labels and signs with universal four circle legend
labels NOT required if red bags or red containers are used
Do red bags or red containers require biohazard labels?
NO not required for those
What must be included in BBP TRAINING program?
a)OSHA BBP regulations
b)epidemiology and symptoms of BBP
c)modes of transmission
d)laboratory exposure control plan and location in lab
e) recognizing exposure to infectious material or blood
f) use and limitations of methods reducing exposure
g) PPE use and disposal and decontamination
h) HEP B vaccine
i) procedures in emergency involving blood or infectious materials
j) standard procedures if exposure, reporting and follow-up
k) lab’s responsibilities following exposure
l) signs, labels and color coding
What medical records are required by OSHA blood borne pathogen regulations for each employee?
name, SS number, dates and vaccinations to HEPB
if exposed: copy of all medical exams, testing and follow-up
health professional’s written opinion of exposed individuals medical condition
copy of information provided to health professional
How long must employers keep medical records for employees?
term of employment plus 30 years
if worked less than 1 year, need not be retained beyond employment if provided to employee upon termination
What are OSHA required elements of lab training records?
a) dates of training
b) contents/summary
c) name / qualifications of teacher
d) names and titles of attendees
How long must OSHA training records be kept?
3 years from date of training session
What is the purpose of Hazard Communication Plan?
ensure that hazards of all chemicals produced or imported are evaluated and shared with employers and employees
What are the requirements for chemicals within Hazard Communication Plan?
labels are not removed or defaced
SDS with shipments are accessible to personnel
personnel are apprised of hazards of the chemicals in the laboratory
What must a laboratory do to comply with requirements Hazard Communication Plan?
Provide hazard determination
establish and maintain hazard communication program
provide labels and warnings
maintain SDS
training
What are chemical manufacturers required to determine about chemicals?
whether hazardous
carcinogenic or potentially
hazards of mixtures of chemicals
What are the 7 definitions used to classify hazardous chemicals by OSHA?
1) Carcinogen (health hazard)
2) corrosive
3) explosive
4) flammable
5) irritant (exclamation)
6) sensitizer (exclamation)
7) toxic (skull and crossbones)
How are carcinogens identified by OSHA?
a) international agency for research on cancer
b) Annual Report on carcinogens by National Toxicology Program
c) regulated by OSHA as carcinogen
What are the hazards of corrosive chemical?
destruction or irreversible alterations in living tissue by chemical action at site of contact
What is an explosive chemical according to OSHA?
causes sudden release of pressure, gas and heat when subjected to sudden shock, pressure or high temperature
What is a flammable chemical?
aerosol- yields flame exceeding 18 inches at full valve opening or flashback at any degree of valve opening
gas- forms flammable mixture with air at ambient temperature and pressure
liquid - flashpoint below 100
solid- liable to cause fire through friction, absorption of moisture, spontaneous chemical change or retained heat or can be ignited readily
What is an irritant?
not corrosive
causes REVERSIBLE inflammatory effect on living tissue through chemical action at site of contact
what is a sensitizer?
substantial proportion of exposed individuals or animals develop allergic reaction in normal tissue after repeated exposure to the chemical
What is a toxic chemical?
serious biological effects following inhalation, ingestion or skin contact with relatively small amounts
the federal register describes the animal models and tests used to determine toxicity
What must be included in the written hazard communication program required by OSHA for laboratories?
inventory with names and locations of all hazardous chemicals
location of hazard communication program, chemical inventory and SDS
description of physical and health hazards presented by chemicals in lab
information on labs protective measures, emergency and non-routine procedures, protective equipment
how to use laboratory labeling system and SDS
environmental monitoring procedures
What information must be included on labels for chemical containers?
Identity of hazardous chemical using common name or trade name or nomenclature of the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) or Chemical Abstracts Services (CAS)
Appropriate hazard warnings including words, pictures, symbols or combinations
name of manufacturer and emergency telephone number
How was the Hazard Communication Standard revised in 2012?
OSHA revised Hazard Communication Standard (HCS) to align with UN Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS)
published in federal register in march 2012
new labeling elements and standardized format for SDSs formerly MSDSs
