Orthopedics (Pt. 2)

Question 1

What are the alternative names for joint?

Answer 1

Joint can also be called articulation; most joints in th ebody are freely moving called synovial joints.

Question 2

Bursa

Answer 2

A bursa is a fluid-filled sac found between tendon and bone to reduce friction.

Question 3

What does a contraction of the muscle produce?

Answer 3

Movement

Question 4

What are the three types of muscle?

Answer 4

• Skeletal muscle moves the skeleton
• Smooth muscle produces movement of internal organs (e.g. stomach, bladder).
• Cardiac muscle produces heartbeat.

Question 5

Red Bone Marrow

Answer 5

The tissue found inside bones that produces red blood cells

Question 6

What is the composition and function of bone?

Answer 6

Bone is hard, calcified connective tissue

Functions include:

• Supporting and moving body
• Providing vital protection to underlying organs such as heart, lungs, liver, and bladder
• Housing red bone marrow (red blood cell source)
• Serving as store house for important minerals (e.g. calcium).

Question 7

Tendons

Answer 7

Strong bands of connective tissue that anchor muscle to bone.

Question 8

Bone Graft

Answer 8

Surgical procedure that uses piece of bone to replace lost bone or to fuse two bones together.

Question 9

Bone Scan

Answer 9

Nuclear medicine scan using radioactive dye to visualize bones; especially useful for finding stress fractures and bone cancer.

Question 10

Carpal Tunnel Syndrome (CTS)

Answer 10

Repetitive motion disorder caused by pressure of tendons and nerves as they pass through carpal tunnel of wrist.

Question 11

Closed Fracture

Answer 11

Broken bone with no open skin wound: also called simple fracture.

Question 12

Comminuted Fracture

Answer 12

Bone break where bone shatters into many small fragments.

Question 13

Compound Fracture

Answer 13

Broken bone with open skin wound; also called open fracture

Question 14

Compression Fracture

Answer 14

Bone break causing loss of height of vertebral body; may result from trauma, but in older persons, especially women, may occur in a bone weakened by osteoporosis.

Question 15

Contracture

Answer 15

Abnormal shortening of muscle fibers, tendons, or connective tissue making it difficult to stretch muscle.

Question 16

Creatine Kinase (CK)

Answer 16

Muscle enzyme found in skeletal and cardiac muscle; elevated blood levels associated with heart attack, muscular dystrophy, and other skeletal muscle pathologies.

Question 17

Deep Tendon Reflexes (DTR)

Answer 17

Involuntary muscle contraction in response to striking muscle tendon with reflex hammer; test used to determine whether muscles respond properly.

Question 18

Dislocation

Answer 18

Occurs when bone in joint are displaced form normal aligment and ends of bones are no longer in contact with each other.

Question 19

Dual-energy Absorptiometry (DXA)

Answer 19

Test using low-dose x-ray beams to measure bone density; used ot diagnose osteoporosis.

Question 20

Fibromyalgia

Answer 20

Chronic condition with widespread aching and pain in the muscles and fibrous soft tissue.

Question 21

Fixation

Answer 21

Procedure to stabilize fracture bone while it heals.

Question 22

External Fixation

Answer 22

External fixation includes casts, splints, and pins inserted through skin.

Question 23

Internal Fixation

Answer 23

Includes pins, plates, rods, screws, and wires that are put into place during surgical procedure called open reduction.

Question 24

Fracture (FX, Fx)

Answer 24

Broken Bone

Question 25

Greenstick (Buckle) Fracture

Answer 25

Fracture with incomplete break; one side of the bone breaks and other side only bends; commonly seen in children because their bones are still pliable.

Question 26

Herniated Nucleus Pulposus (HNP)

Answer 26

Protrusion of intervertebral disk between two vertebrae, which puts pressure on spinal nerves; also called herniated disk or ruptured disk; may require surgery.

Question 27

Impacted Fracture

Answer 27

Fracture in which one bone fragment is pushed into another.

Question 28

Kyphosis

Answer 28

Abnormal increase in normal outward curvature of thoracic spine; also called hunchback or humpback.

Question 29

Lordosis

Answer 29

Abnormal increase in normal forward curvature of lumbar spin; also called swayback.

Question 30

Muscle Atrophy

Answer 30

Loss of muscle bulk due to muscle disease, nervous system disease, or lack of use; commonly called muscle wasting.

Question 31

Muscular Dystrophy (MD)

Answer 31

One of the group of inherited diseases involving progressive muscle degeneration, weakness, and atrophy.

Question 32

Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs)

Answer 32

Large group of drugs that provide mild pain relief and anti-inflammatory benefits for conditions such as arthritis.

Question 33

Oblique Fracture

Answer 33

Bone break in which fracture line runs along an angle to shaft of the bone.

Question 34

Orthosis

Answer 34

Externally applied brace or splint used to prevent or correct deformities; orthotist is person skilled in making and ajusting orthoses.

Question 35

Ostheoarthritis (OA)

Answer 35

Arthritis caused by loss of cartilage cushion covering bones in joint; most common in bearing weight joints; results in bone rubbing against bone.

Question 36

Osteogenic Sarcoma

Answer 36

Most common type of bone cancer; usually begins in osteocytes found at ends of bones; most frequently occurs in persons 10 - 25 years old.

Question 37

Pathologic Fracture

Answer 37

Broken bone caused by diseased or weakened bone; not trauma.

Question 38

Percutaneous Diskectomy

Answer 38

Use of thin catheter tube inserted into intervertebral disk through skin to suck out pieces of herniated or ruptured disk; or laser is used to vaporize disk.

Question 39

Prosthesis

Answer 39

Any artificial device used as substitute for body part that is either misssing from birth or lost as the result of accident or disease; Ex: * Aritifical Leg

Question 40

Prosthetist

Answer 40

Person trained in making prostheses.

Question 41

Radiography

Answer 41

Diagnostic imaging procedure using x-rays to see internal structure of body; especially useful for visualizing bones and joints.

Question 42

Reduction

Answer 42

Correcting fracture or disolocation by realigning bone.

Question 43

Closed Reduction

Answer 43

Moves bones externally for correcting fracture or dislocation.

Question 44

Open Reduction

Answer 44

Manipulates bone through a surgical incision; open reduction usually performed before internal fixation of bony fragments.

Question 45

Repetitive Motion Disorder

Answer 45

Group of chronic disorders with tendon, muscle, joint, and nerve damage cuased by prolonged periods of pressure, vibration, or repetitive movements.

Question 46

Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA)

Answer 46

Arthritis with swelling, stiffness, pain, and degeneration of cartilage in joints caused by chronic soft tissue inflammation; may result in crippling deformities; an autoimmune disease.

Question 47

Scoliosis

Answer 47

Abnormal lateral curvature of spine

Question 48

Spasm

Answer 48

Sudden, involuntary, strong muscle contraction.

Question 49

Spina Bifida

Answer 49

Birth defect that occur when vertebra fails to fully form arund spinal cord; ranges from mild to severe; if spinal cord is damaged, paralysis results.

Question 50

Spiral Fracture

Answer 50

Brone break in which fracture line spirals around shaft of bone; caused by twisting injury; often slower to heal than other types of fracture.

Question 51

Sprain

Answer 51

Ligament injury from overstretching, but without joint dislocation or bone fracture.

Question 52

Strain

Answer 52

Damage to the muscle or tendons from overuse or overstretching.

Question 53

Stress Fracture

Answer 53

A light bone break casued by repetitive low-impact forces, such as running, rather than single forceful impact.

Question 54

Total Hip Arthroplasty (THA)

Answer 54

Surgical reconstruction of hip with artificial hip joint; also called total hip replacement (THR).

Question 55

Total Knee Arthroplasty (TKA)

Answer 55

Surgical reconstruction of knee joint with artifical knee joint; also called total knee replacement (TKR).

Question 56

Transverse Fracture

Answer 56

Bone break with fracture line straight across shaft of bone.