Dermatology (Pt. 2) Flashcards
Label the following…
Label the following…
Label the following…
What is a gland and what types does the skin contain?
A gland is an organ that secretes a substance; skin has two types:
- Sweat Glands
- Sebaceous (Oil) Glands
Fat Tissue
- Fat tissue makes up the subcutaneous layer of the skin
- Forms continous layer over the body
- Serves as insulation, energy storage, and protective layer
What are the three layers of the skin?
- Epidermis
- Dermis
- Subcutaneous Layer
Epidermis
- Outer layer
- Composed primarily of dead keratinized cells that form protective barrier to keep out bacteria and other pathogens
Dermis
- Middle Layer
- Strong, flexible connective tissue for strength
- Houses hair follicles, sweat glands, sebaceous glands, nerve endings, and blood vessels
Subcutaneous
- Inner layer
- Primarily fat that insulates the body and provides protective padding and energy storage.
What decoloration occurs during hypoxic skin conditions?
Skin appears to be a blue color when its blood supply becomes deoxygenated.
How is the suffix -derma used?
The suffix is used with combining forms or prefixes to describe how skin looks or feels.
Sweat
- Sweat is secreted by sweat glands
- The primary function is to cool the skin by evaporation.
- Contains a small amount of waste products such as sodium chloride, urea, and ammonia.
Keratin
- This hard protein is found in hair, nails, and cells of the epidermis
- May become overgrown resulting in thick, hornlike layer of skin
Melanin
- Melanin is a black pigment found in melanocytes that gives skin and hair its dark color
- The more melanin present, the darker the hair or skin
- Provides protection against damage from sun exposure
Nails
Flat plates of keratin that cover ends of fingers and toes.
Pus
- Pus is semisolid fluid associated with certain baterical infections
- Consists of tissue fluid, dead bacteria, debris from damaged cells, and dead white blood cells
Sebum
- The oily secretion of sebaceous glands
- Lubricates the skin to keep it soft and from cracking
Hair
Shaft of keratinized cells growing from the hair root (in dermis layer) up through the hair follicle and out above the surface of the skin.
Abrasion
Skin injury that scrapes away the surface of skin
Abscess
infection by pyogenic bacteria resulting in localized collection of pus
Alopecia
Baldness
The terms comes from the greek word alopekia meaning “fox mange,” a condition that causes hair to fall out.
Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC)
- Skin cancer in basal cell layer of the epidermis
- Very common cancer caused by sun exposure but rarely metastasizes or spreads.
Biopsy
Surgical procedure to remove a piece of tissue by needle, knife, punch, or brush to examine under a microscope in order to make a diagnosis.
Boil
Bacterial infection of a hair follicle; also called a furuncle.
1st Degree Burn
- Mild burn that damages epidermis only
- Results in erythema but no blisters
- Generally, there is no scarring.
2nd Degree Burn
- Burn damage that extends through epidermis and into the dermis, causing blisters to form
- Scarring may occur
3rd Degree Burn
- Burn damage to the full thickness of skin and into underlying tissue
- Infection and fluid loss are major concerns
- Usually requires skin grafts to cover burned areas
- Scarring will occur
Cauterization
Intentional desconstruction of tissue by caustic chemical, electric current, laser, or freezing.
Cellulitis
Inflammation of connective tissue cells of skin
Chemabrasion
Removal of superficial layers of skin using chemicals, also called a chemical peel.
Contusion
Blunt trauma to skin that results in bruising; from latin, contusion = “to bruise or crush”
Cryosurgery
Using extreme cold to freeze and destroy tissue
Culture and Sensitivity (C&S)
Laboratory test that grows a colony of bacteria removed from infected area in order to identify the specific type of bacteria and then determine its sensitivity to a variety to antibiotics.
Cyst
Fluid-filled sac under the skin
Debridement
Removal of foreign material and dead or damaged tissue from a wound
Decubitus Ulcer (Decub)
- Open sore caused by pressure over bony prominences obstructing blood flow
- Can appear in bedridden patients who lie in one position too long and can be difficult to heal
- Common name: bedsore, or pressure sore
Dermabrasion
- Scrapping skin with rotating wire brushes or sandpaper
- Used to remove acne scars
Dermatome
Instrument that cuts out a small section of skin or a thin slice of skin to be used for a graft.
Ecchymosis
“Black and blue” skin bruise caused by blood collecting under skin after trauma.
Erythema
Redness of skin
Fissure
Cracklike break in skin
