Dermatology (Pt. 2)

Question 1

Label the following…

Answer 1

Question 2

Label the following…

Answer 2

Question 3

Label the following…

Answer 3

Question 4

What is a gland and what types does the skin contain?

Answer 4

A gland is an organ that secretes a substance; skin has two types:

• Sweat Glands
• Sebaceous (Oil) Glands

Question 5

Fat Tissue

Answer 5

• Fat tissue makes up the subcutaneous layer of the skin
• Forms continous layer over the body
• Serves as insulation, energy storage, and protective layer

Question 6

What are the three layers of the skin?

Answer 6

• Epidermis
• Dermis
• Subcutaneous Layer

Question 7

Epidermis

Answer 7

• Outer layer
• Composed primarily of dead keratinized cells that form protective barrier to keep out bacteria and other pathogens

Question 8

Dermis

Answer 8

• Middle Layer
• Strong, flexible connective tissue for strength
• Houses hair follicles, sweat glands, sebaceous glands, nerve endings, and blood vessels

Question 9

Subcutaneous

Answer 9

• Inner layer
• Primarily fat that insulates the body and provides protective padding and energy storage.

Question 10

What decoloration occurs during hypoxic skin conditions?

Answer 10

Skin appears to be a blue color when its blood supply becomes deoxygenated.

Question 11

How is the suffix -derma used?

Answer 11

The suffix is used with combining forms or prefixes to describe how skin looks or feels.

Question 12

Sweat

Answer 12

• Sweat is secreted by sweat glands
• The primary function is to cool the skin by evaporation.
• Contains a small amount of waste products such as sodium chloride, urea, and ammonia.

Question 13

Keratin

Answer 13

• This hard protein is found in hair, nails, and cells of the epidermis
• May become overgrown resulting in thick, hornlike layer of skin

Question 14

Melanin

Answer 14

• Melanin is a black pigment found in melanocytes that gives skin and hair its dark color
• The more melanin present, the darker the hair or skin
• Provides protection against damage from sun exposure

Question 15

Nails

Answer 15

Flat plates of keratin that cover ends of fingers and toes.

Question 16

Pus

Answer 16

• Pus is semisolid fluid associated with certain baterical infections
• Consists of tissue fluid, dead bacteria, debris from damaged cells, and dead white blood cells

Question 17

Sebum

Answer 17

• The oily secretion of sebaceous glands
• Lubricates the skin to keep it soft and from cracking

Question 18

Hair

Answer 18

Shaft of keratinized cells growing from the hair root (in dermis layer) up through the hair follicle and out above the surface of the skin.

Question 19

Abrasion

Answer 19

Skin injury that scrapes away the surface of skin

Question 20

Abscess

Answer 20

infection by pyogenic bacteria resulting in localized collection of pus

Question 21

Alopecia

Answer 21

Baldness

The terms comes from the greek word alopekia meaning “fox mange,” a condition that causes hair to fall out.

Question 22

Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC)

Answer 22

• Skin cancer in basal cell layer of the epidermis
• Very common cancer caused by sun exposure but rarely metastasizes or spreads.

Question 23

Biopsy

Answer 23

Surgical procedure to remove a piece of tissue by needle, knife, punch, or brush to examine under a microscope in order to make a diagnosis.

Question 24

Boil

Answer 24

Bacterial infection of a hair follicle; also called a furuncle.

Question 25

1st Degree Burn

Answer 25

* Mild burn that damages epidermis only * Results in erythema but no blisters * Generally, there is no scarring.

Question 26

2nd Degree Burn

Answer 26

* Burn damage that extends through epidermis and into the dermis, causing blisters to form * Scarring may occur

Question 27

3rd Degree Burn

Answer 27

* Burn damage to the full thickness of skin and into underlying tissue * Infection and fluid loss are major concerns * Usually requires skin grafts to cover burned areas * Scarring will occur

Question 28

Cauterization

Answer 28

Intentional desconstruction of tissue by caustic chemical, electric current, laser, or freezing.

Question 29

Cellulitis

Answer 29

Inflammation of connective tissue cells of skin

Question 30

Chemabrasion

Answer 30

Removal of superficial layers of skin using chemicals, also called a chemical peel.

Question 31

Contusion

Answer 31

Blunt trauma to skin that results in bruising; from latin, *contusion* = "to bruise or crush"

Question 32

Cryosurgery

Answer 32

Using extreme cold to freeze and destroy tissue

Question 33

Culture and Sensitivity (C&S)

Answer 33

Laboratory test that grows a colony of bacteria removed from infected area in order to identify the specific type of bacteria and then determine its sensitivity to a variety to antibiotics.

Question 34

Cyst

Answer 34

Fluid-filled sac under the skin

Question 35

Debridement

Answer 35

Removal of foreign material and dead or damaged tissue from a wound

Question 36

Decubitus Ulcer (Decub)

Answer 36

* Open sore caused by pressure over bony prominences obstructing blood flow * Can appear in bedridden patients who lie in one position too long and can be difficult to heal * Common name: bedsore, or pressure sore

Question 37

Dermabrasion

Answer 37

* Scrapping skin with rotating wire brushes or sandpaper * Used to remove acne scars

Question 38

Dermatome

Answer 38

Instrument that cuts out a small section of skin or a thin slice of skin to be used for a graft.

Question 39

Ecchymosis

Answer 39

"Black and blue" skin bruise caused by blood collecting under skin after trauma.

Question 40

Erythema

Answer 40

Redness of skin

Question 41

Fissure

Answer 41

Cracklike break in skin