Orthodontics. Flashcards
Definition of malocclusion.
An appreciable deviation from an ideal occlusion.
6 key elements of an ideal occlusion?
1) Class 1 jaw relationship. 2) no spaces. 3) no rotations. 4) flat to the slight curve of spee. 5) correct crown angulation. 6) correct crown inclination.
Orthodontic treatment evaluation steps.
1) full examination.
2) OPG (Orthopanthogram).
3) lateral cephalogram.
4) photographs.
5) diagnosis and treatment plan.
6) study models.
Molar relationship (MR)- Class 1
Mesiobuccal cusp of the 6s occludes in the mid buccal grooves of the lower 6s.
MR- Class 2 Div 1
Mesiobuccal cusp of the 6s occludes anterior of the mid buccal grooves of the lower 6. extreme overbite and incisal edges procline.
MR- Class 2 Div 2
Mesiobuccal cusp of the 6s occludes anterior of the mid buccal grooves of the lower 6. incisors retrocline.
MR- Class 3
Mesiobuccal cusp of the 6s occlude posterior of the mid buccal grooves of the lower 6. Underbite.
Incisal relationship (IR)- Class 1
Lower incisal edge lies in or just below the cingulum plateau of the upper incisors.
IR- Class 2 Div 1
lower incisor edge lies posterior of the cingulum plateau of the upper incisor. Always increase in overjet and upper incisors are proclined.
IR- Class 2 Div 2
lower incisor edge lies posterior of the cingulum plateau of the upper incisor. Central Incisors are retroclined with minimal overjet.
IR- Class 3
Lower incisors lie anterior to the cingulum plateau of the upper incisors. Overjet is reversed.
What are fixed appliances?
These are fixed onto the teeth and use forces to move the teeth into the correct position. Fixed appliances include brackets, archwire, tubes, ect.
Why would you use fixed appliances?
If there is severe malocclusion, rotations need to be corrected, there are impacted teeth, orthognathic procedure needed.
What are functional appliances?
These are used for the growth phase to treat underdeveloped jaws, eg. twin block.
Advantages of functional appliances?
Correct overbite/overjet, correct buccal segment occlusion, alter soft tissue environment, correct malocclusion.
What needs to be scored in the DHC score?
MODCO - missing, overbite, displacement, crossbite, overjet.
What is the aetiology of a cleft lip?
Folic acid deficiency, anticonvulsants, steroid therapy, hypoxia.
What problems occur with cleft lip palate?
Feeding, dental anomalies, facial/dental development.
Advantages of fixed appliances?
Effective, most efficient, aesthetic end result, can treat severe malocclusions.
Disadvantages of fixed appliances?
Decalcification of enamel, inhalation/swallowing small auxiliaries during treatment, gingivitis, periodontitis, relapse.
OHI for patients wearing braces?
Use a soft bristle brush, use a single tufted brush at the gingival margin and interproximal, use superfloss to clean the back side of the archwire, use TePe brushes to clan archwire, rinse after eating, avoid a sugary diet.
