Orthodontics.

Question 1

Definition of malocclusion.

Answer 1

An appreciable deviation from an ideal occlusion.

Question 2

6 key elements of an ideal occlusion?

Answer 2

1) Class 1 jaw relationship. 2) no spaces. 3) no rotations. 4) flat to the slight curve of spee. 5) correct crown angulation. 6) correct crown inclination.

Question 3

Orthodontic treatment evaluation steps.

Answer 3

1) full examination.
2) OPG (Orthopanthogram).
3) lateral cephalogram.
4) photographs.
5) diagnosis and treatment plan.
6) study models.

Question 4

Molar relationship (MR)- Class 1

Answer 4

Mesiobuccal cusp of the 6s occludes in the mid buccal grooves of the lower 6s.

Question 5

MR- Class 2 Div 1

Answer 5

Mesiobuccal cusp of the 6s occludes anterior of the mid buccal grooves of the lower 6. extreme overbite and incisal edges procline.

Question 6

MR- Class 2 Div 2

Answer 6

Mesiobuccal cusp of the 6s occludes anterior of the mid buccal grooves of the lower 6. incisors retrocline.

Question 7

MR- Class 3

Answer 7

Mesiobuccal cusp of the 6s occlude posterior of the mid buccal grooves of the lower 6. Underbite.

Question 8

Incisal relationship (IR)- Class 1

Answer 8

Lower incisal edge lies in or just below the cingulum plateau of the upper incisors.

Question 9

IR- Class 2 Div 1

Answer 9

lower incisor edge lies posterior of the cingulum plateau of the upper incisor. Always increase in overjet and upper incisors are proclined.

Question 10

IR- Class 2 Div 2

Answer 10

lower incisor edge lies posterior of the cingulum plateau of the upper incisor. Central Incisors are retroclined with minimal overjet.

Question 11

IR- Class 3

Answer 11

Lower incisors lie anterior to the cingulum plateau of the upper incisors. Overjet is reversed.

Question 12

What are fixed appliances?

Answer 12

These are fixed onto the teeth and use forces to move the teeth into the correct position. Fixed appliances include brackets, archwire, tubes, ect.

Question 13

Why would you use fixed appliances?

Answer 13

If there is severe malocclusion, rotations need to be corrected, there are impacted teeth, orthognathic procedure needed.

Question 14

What are functional appliances?

Answer 14

These are used for the growth phase to treat underdeveloped jaws, eg. twin block.

Question 15

Advantages of functional appliances?

Answer 15

Correct overbite/overjet, correct buccal segment occlusion, alter soft tissue environment, correct malocclusion.

Question 16

What needs to be scored in the DHC score?

Answer 16

MODCO - missing, overbite, displacement, crossbite, overjet.

Question 17

What is the aetiology of a cleft lip?

Answer 17

Folic acid deficiency, anticonvulsants, steroid therapy, hypoxia.

Question 18

What problems occur with cleft lip palate?

Answer 18

Feeding, dental anomalies, facial/dental development.

Question 19

Advantages of fixed appliances?

Answer 19

Effective, most efficient, aesthetic end result, can treat severe malocclusions.

Question 20

Disadvantages of fixed appliances?

Answer 20

Decalcification of enamel, inhalation/swallowing small auxiliaries during treatment, gingivitis, periodontitis, relapse.

Question 21

OHI for patients wearing braces?

Answer 21

Use a soft bristle brush, use a single tufted brush at the gingival margin and interproximal, use superfloss to clean the back side of the archwire, use TePe brushes to clan archwire, rinse after eating, avoid a sugary diet.