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BOARD REVIEW > Ortho > Flashcards

Ortho Flashcards

1
Q

Severe complication associated with cast treatment of unstable supracondylar hunerus fractures in children

A

Volkmann’s ischemic contracture of forearm

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2
Q

Protrusion of joint capsule or tendon sheath that fills with jelly-like fluid

At the scapholunate interosseous ligament of the wrist

A

Ganglion cysts

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3
Q

Weakness of adduction and abduction of digits 2 through 5

A

Injury to ULNAR nerve near the elbow

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4
Q

Tenosynovitis in region of MCP joint

A

Trigger fingers

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5
Q

In Hip dislocation, nerve should be tested:

A

Sciatic nerve

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6
Q

In shoulder dislocation, nerve should be tested:

A

Axillary nerve
Sensation on top of shoulder

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7
Q

Humeral neck fracture

A

Radial nerve
- weak wrist extension

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8
Q

Nerve commonly injured with Anterior Glenohuneral (shoulder) dislocation

A

Axillary nerve

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9
Q

Proper tx for athlete with isolated Medial Collateral Ligament disruption

A

Immobilization in 45deg of flexion for 2 to 3 weeks, followed by bracing and progressive increase in range of motion

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10
Q

Proximal InterPhalangeal (PIP) flexion
Distal InterPhalangeal (DIP) hyperextension

A

Boutonniere deformity

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11
Q

Low PaO2 after long bone fracture

A

Fat embolism

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12
Q

Carpometacarpal (CMC) joint of the thumb

A

Bennett’s fracture

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13
Q

MC cause of posterior dislocation of shoulder

A

Epileptiform seizures or electroshock therapy

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14
Q

Type of collage in cartilage

A

Type 2

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15
Q

MC primary bone malignancy

A

OsteoSarcoma

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16
Q

Proliferation of palmar fascia
Common in ring and small fingers

A

Dupuytren’s contractures

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17
Q

Fracture of distal radius

A

Median nerve

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18
Q

Pain
Numbenss
Tingling in median nerve distribution
Weakness of thenar muscle
Worsening of symptoms at night

A

Carpal tunnel syndrome

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19
Q

OsteoBlast function

A

Builds bone
Inhibited by parathyroid hormone

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20
Q

OsteoClast function

A

breaks/ Cuts bone down

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21
Q

Which nerve root compression will L4-L5 disc give

A

L5 (a level below)

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22
Q

Root compression at L4 will give

A

Weka knee jerk

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23
Q

Root compression at L5 will give

A

Weak toes dorsiflexion

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24
Q

Root compression at S1 will give

A

Weak toe plantar flexion and weak ankle jerk

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25
Q

Injury or constriction of the Brachial artery or its Anterior Interosseous branch, usually from injuries about the elbow will give

A

Volkmann’s ischemic contracture

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26
Q

Late complication of Volkmann’ ischemic contracture

A

Obliteration of Radial pulse and anoxia of Median and Ulnar nerves

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27
Q

Fracture of Proximal Ulna with subluxation of Radial Head

A

Montegia’s fracture

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28
Q

Innervation of Flexor Digitorum Profundus to the Ring and Little finger

A

ULNAR nerve

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29
Q

(-) knee jerk

A

Compression of L3-L4 level

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30
Q

MC cause of pyogenic osteomyelitis of vertebral column

A

Hematogenous spread of Staphylococcus aureus

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31
Q

Fractures are likely to cause COMPARTMENT SYNDROME

A

Tibial fx
Supracondylar humerus fx
Calcaneous fx

32
Q

MC location of stress fractures

A

Femoral Neck
Distal 2nd and 3rd Metatarsal shaft
Proximal Tibia
Distal Fibula
Calcaneus

33
Q

Entity suggestive of calf pain similar to claudication that does not resolve with rest

A

Spinal stenosis

34
Q

Rupture of Ulnar Collateral Ligament of MP joint with resultant instability of the joint to radial-directed force

A

Gamekeeper’s thumb

35
Q

Injury to Extensor mechanism ot the level of DIP joint

A

Mallet finger

36
Q

Swan neck hand deformity

A

Extensor tendon is ruptured

37
Q

Carpal bone most frequently fractured

A

Scaphoid bone

38
Q

Tx of DeQuervain’s stenosinh tenosynovitis after failed medical management

A

Surgical release of 1st extensor compartment

39
Q

Complication with displaced fracture of scaphoid

A

Avascular necrosis and nonunion

40
Q

Etiology of isolated anterior cruciate ligament tears

A

Hyperextension of knee or forceful internal rotation of the tibia on the femur

41
Q

Joints most commonly affected by Osteoarthritis

A

Large weight bearing joints (knee, hips)

42
Q

Hip-stabilizing muscles

A

Piriformis
Obturator Internus
Gemelli
Gluteus MEDius

43
Q

Bacterial infection of the pulp space on the palmar surface of the hand
Tx is drainage along the medial and lateral aspect of finger

44
Q

Incisions should be used on skon overlying joints

A

Oblique or transverse incision

45
Q

Transfer of entire myocutabeous segment with a microvascular anastomosis from a native tissue bed artery to a large vein in the flap
Allows transfer of multiple tissues and its viability is dependent on the anastomosis

46
Q

Squamous cell CA that develops in a chronic wound or ulceration
Erythematous discoloration and fungating appearance
Tx wide excision
Dx?

A

Marjolin’s ulcer

47
Q

Immediate shrinkage that occurs after removal from donor site

A

Primary contracture

48
Q

Phenomenon that occurs as the graft heals

A

Secondary skin graft contraction

49
Q

Most important factor in minimizing hyperpigmentation of skin grafts

A

Protection from UV light for a full year postoperative

50
Q

Indications for dermal overgrafting

A

Unstable, depressed or hypertrophied scar
Unstable or hyperpigmented skin
Large Pigmented nevi
Radiation damage
Tattoos

51
Q

Maximal time for return of sensation after skin grafting

A

After 2 years

52
Q

Single most important factor in management of contaminated wounds

A

Debridement of devitaluzed tissue

53
Q

Most important factor in the aesthetic outcome of lip reconstruction

A

Alignment of vermillion border

54
Q

Closure of a rectangular defect by incising an adjacent triangle of tissue and advancing it into the defect

A

V-Y advancement

55
Q

What vessels is the midline forehead flap based on?

A

Supratrochlear vessels

56
Q

Type of skin graft most appropriate for resurfacing the upper eyelid

57
Q

Flap most appropriate on the treatment of osteomyelitis

A

muscle-based flap

58
Q

Most frequently utilized flap for head and neck reconstruction

A

Deltopectoral flap

59
Q

The dermis primarily contains what type of collagen

A

Types I (80%) and Type III (15%)

60
Q

Most appropriate donor sitr for grafting the skin of face

A

Postauricular

61
Q

Tissues included in posterior thigh fasciocutaneous flap

A

Fascia lata
Subcutaneous skin and tissue
Descending branch of inferior gluteal artery

62
Q

Most appropriate donor sitr for grafting the skin of the hand

A

Inner aspect of arm

63
Q

Process allows survival of skin grafts in the first 48hrs

A

Plasmatic imbibition

64
Q

Facial port wine stain over at least the firat and second division of trigeminal nerve, leptomeningeal vebous malformations, and mental retardation

A

Sturge-webber syndrome

65
Q

Type of cancer is red or purple cutaneous nodule, and neuroendocrine tumor straining for enolase and neurofilament

A

Merkel cell carcinoma
Tx: wide excision with 2cm margin and SLN Bx

66
Q

Type of gland hidradenitis involves

A

Apocrine glands

67
Q

Most common skin cancer

A

Basal cell CA

68
Q

Tx of choice for patients with unstable mandibular fractures

A

Open Reduction Internal fixation (ORIF)

69
Q

Most common cause of acquired ptosis

A

Dysfunction of oculomotor nerve or sympathetic chain (trauma)

70
Q

MC lymphatic malformation found in head and neck

A

Cystic hygroma (posterior triangle of neck)

71
Q

Primary blood supply for a transverse rectus abdominis musculocutaneous (TRAM) FLAP

A

Superior epigastric vessels

72
Q

MC complication of breast augmentation

A

Capsular contraction

73
Q

Most common flap for greater trochanter pressure sore

A

Tensor fascia lata myocutaneous flap

74
Q

Preferred flap for proximal 1/3 tibial wound

A

Gastrocnemius and soleus flaps

75
Q

Most appropriate tx for distal 1/3 tibial wound

A

Free-tissue transfer

76
Q

Congenital lymphedema that present after the age of 35yo

A

Lymphedema tardum

BOARD REVIEW (19 decks)

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