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BOARD REVIEW > LEGAL MED > Flashcards

LEGAL MED Flashcards

1
Q

Deoderlein’s bacillus

A

Menstrual blood

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2
Q

A ligature is applied around the base of a finger with moderate tightness. No color change seen in a dead man.

A

Magnus test

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3
Q

Injection of a solution of fluorescein SQ. Dye will spread all over the body and the whole skin will have a greenish-yellow discloration if circulation is still present.

A

Icard’s test

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4
Q

Finger webs red (living) or yellow (dead)

A

Diaphanous test

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5
Q

Order of putrefication

A

Face > neck and sternum > shoulders > arms > abdomen > legs

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6
Q

Mocroorganis that plays an important role in decomposition

A

Clostridium Welchii

Grows in parenchymatous organs and is responsible for disintegration of cytoplasm, destruction of nuclei and generation of gasses in the cells

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7
Q

Physical injury which is located at the site of application of force

A

Coup injury

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8
Q

Physical injury which is located opposite the site of application of force

A

Contre-coup injury

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9
Q

Physical injury which is located at the site and also opposite site of application of force

A

Coup-contre-coup injury

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10
Q

PI located nit at the side or opposite the site of application of force but in some areas offering the least resistance to the force applied.

Force on forehead, contusion at region of eyeball

A

Locus miniris resistencia

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11
Q

Bones used to determine sex of the skeleton

A

Pelvis
Skull
Sternum
Humerus
Femur

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12
Q

Test done to determine peripheral circulation

Spreading fingers wide and view through strong light

A

Diaphanus test

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13
Q

Blood that does not clot
Acidic pH
Presence of epithelial cells and Doderlain microorganisms

A

Menstrual blood

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14
Q

This test is positive to any substance containing hemoglobin

A

Takayama test

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15
Q

Test used to determine whether semen/blood is HUMAN or origin or not

A

Precipitin/ biological test of farnum

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16
Q

DNA typing method where the small sample size is chemically amplified to produce large amounts

A

Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) method

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17
Q

Indentations left in soft or pliable materials belong to what type of fingerprints

A

Plastic

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18
Q

Art and study of recording fingerprints as means of identification

A

Dactylography

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19
Q

Study of the pores on papillary or friction ridges of the skin for the purpose of identification

A

Poroscopy

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20
Q

Art of COMPARING fingerprints for identification

A

DactyloSCOPY

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21
Q

Source of blood when its dark red in color and has low Oxygen content in a crime scene

A

Venous

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22
Q

What race? Thick lips and prominent eyes

A

Negro

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23
Q

What race?
Almond eyes
Prominent cheek bones

A

Mongolian

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24
Q

What race?
Prominent sharp nose

A

Caucasian

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25
Q

What race?
Flat nose
Round face

A

Malay

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26
Q

Characteristics of a person NOT easily changed

A

Speech
Gait
Mannerism
Hands, feet, color of skin, facial features, facies, handedness, deformities

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27
Q

Chemical test used to determine if the stain is of BLOOD ORIGIN OR NOT

A

Benzidine test

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28
Q

Hair that is fine, deficient of pigments and devoid of medulla belongs to a

A

Old person

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29
Q

Long, wiry and thick hair belongs to a

A

Adolescent

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30
Q

Fingerprints may persist if not removed at the scene for

A

Years

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31
Q

Way to determine whether hair is of HUMAN or ANIMAL origin

A

By determination of medullary index

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32
Q

Method to approximate the height of the cadaver with extremities missing

A
  • Length of head times 8
  • Distance from base of skull to coccyx which is 44% of height
  • Distance between supra-sternal notch and pubic symphisis which is 1/3 of height
  • Length of vertex of the skull to pubic symphisis times 3
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33
Q

Appearance of the face indicative of approaching death

A

Hippocratic facies

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34
Q

Barr bodies observed in scraping of the mucus membrane of mouth , a test to determine sex of the body is a

A

Chromosomal test

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35
Q

Identification by verbal, accurate and picturesque description of the person identified is

A

Portrait parle

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36
Q

Identification where anthropometrics are used in identification

A

Bertillon system

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37
Q

When can an examination be done to cofirm identity of a dead person in setting succession to an estate

A

Afyer 10 years disappearance ***

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38
Q

Quantitative determination of CHLORIDE content if the blood in the right and left ventricle of the HEART

A

Gettler’s test

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39
Q

Quantitative determination of mercury movement of blood

A

Winslow’s test

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40
Q

A common law husband who kills his common law wife whom he has a 2 days old child can be prosecuted with

A

Homicide

* must be legal wife para Parricide na*

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41
Q

Expressed acknowledgement by the accused in a criminal case of the truth of his guilt as the crime charged

A

Confession

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42
Q

Presence of weapon which is highly grasped by hand of victim of a shooting incident is an example of

A

Cadaveric spasm

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43
Q

Cases when trauma or disease kill quickly that there is no opportunity for sequel or complication to develop is known as

A

Immediate cause of death

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44
Q

Moat practical, useful and reliable means of preserving evidence is by

A

Photography

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45
Q

Comprehensive study of a dead body (internal exam) performed by trained physician employing recognized procedures and techniques is known as

A

Autopsy

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46
Q

Principle used in MAGNUS TEST for determining somatic death is

A

No change in color of the finger

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47
Q

Body dlsurface of corpse is pressed, it leaves flattened area due to

A

Loaa of elasticity of skin

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48
Q

Permision to disinter remains of person who died of DANGEROUS COMMUNICABLE DISEASE may be granted after burial period of

A

5 years

For NON dangerous- 3 years
Anytime if with special permit

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49
Q

Most prominent sign of death

A

Progressive fall of body temperature (Algor Mortis)

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50
Q

Organs should be tested in suspected cases of LEAD poisoning

A

Liver
Kidney
Bone

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51
Q

Average time required for death in drowning

A

2-5 mins

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52
Q

Living in a very high altitude may cause what type of asphyxial death?

A

Anoxic

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53
Q

What is POST MORTEM CALORICITY due to

A

Early putrefactive changes

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54
Q

This hastens cooling of the body after death

A

Leanness of the body
Extreme age
Chronic illness
Unclothed body in large room
Water

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55
Q

1st stage of muscular changes after death

A
  1. Muscular irritability (1° Flacidity)
  2. Rigor mortis
  3. 2° flacidity
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56
Q

Organs that putrefy EARLY

A

Liver
Brain
Trachea/ larynx
Stomach
Intestines
Spleen
Pregnant /perpeurial uterus

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57
Q

Death ny electrocution

A

Shock

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58
Q

An UNEMBALMED dead body should be burried within how long after death?

A

48hrs

**12hrs if with communicable disease unless permitted by authorities

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59
Q

Prominence and coloration of superficial veins nore visible among people with fair complexion during decomposition is called

A

Marbolization

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60
Q

Crime of mutilation is understood to mean

A

Intentionally cutting of any reproductive part of the body

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61
Q

Chemical change of the bidy fat which takes place in wet conditions should results in a soft browning white substance known as

A

Adipocere formation

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62
Q

MHO of municipality shall perform autopsy on dead body when

A

Upon order of mayor / court / fiscal
Requested by nearest kin
Written request by police

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63
Q

Algor mortis

A

Colling of the body

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64
Q

Blood accumulates in the most dependent portions of the dead body

A

Post mortem lividity

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65
Q

Mammer of death not autopsied

A

Death occuring in natural manner

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66
Q

Cutis Galina or washer woman’s hands and feet of a corpse

A

Body has been in water for sometime

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67
Q

Willful deliberate and painless acceleration of death of a person

A

Euthanasia

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68
Q

Cause of death resulting from alck of skill, foresight and reckless imprudence is called

A

Negligence

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69
Q

A body is subject matter of a criminal investigation, it may be exhumed

A

Anytime

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70
Q

Any change for position of cadaver will not change the location of this type of cadaveric lividity

A

Diffusion

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71
Q

Exhumation aka

A

Disinterment

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72
Q

Deep burial sites will make decomposition

73
Q

Missing person pressumed dead if not heard from for

74
Q

Musketry
Electrocution
Hanging

A

Judicial death

75
Q

Physician performs euthanasia without the patient’s knowledge

76
Q

3-day old unidentified child was intentionally killed with cruelty, amd during a calamity, the offender may be chareged with

77
Q

Cadaveric rigidity

A

Rigor mortis

78
Q

Convict is put to death by volley of fire from a firing squad

79
Q

If one performed lawful act, and did it with due care, and death occured without intending to cause it, the death is

A

Accidental

80
Q

Instantaneous rigor

A

Cadaveric spasm

81
Q

Microroganism plays a dominant role in decomposition

A

Clostridium welchii

82
Q

Rigor mortis in the TROPICS

A

24 to 48 hrs

83
Q

Rigor mortis in Temperate areas

A

48 to 72hrs

84
Q

Compression of neck by means of ligature

A

Death by strangulation

85
Q

Ante-mortem wounds

A
  • show marks of sprouting blood from arteries
  • blood clotted
  • presence of inflammation and reparative process
  • edge of wound gape
86
Q

Medico-legal autopsy

A

Consent of relative not needed
Correlates tissue changes to the criminal act
Must be specific for purpose of determining whether it is in telation to criminal act

87
Q

This finding in death is not consistent and may or may not appear on a person who died

A

Cadaveric spasm

88
Q

Presence of hesitation cuts or tentative incision

89
Q

Multiple wounds in different parts of the body
Indication of struggle

90
Q

Couple died inside car basement parking area

A

Carbon monoxide poisoning

91
Q

During autopsy, what should be opened first

A

Cranial box

92
Q

Organ putrifies LAST

A

Lungs

*** 1. Brain
2. Spleen
3. Liver
4. Lungs

93
Q

Basis to pronounce a person’s death

A

Somatic death

94
Q

Death of individual cell
3-6 hrs after somatic death

A

Molecular death

95
Q

Performed to explain sudden death of a person apparently in good health

A

Medico-legal autopsy

96
Q

Performed to confirm clinical findings of a research

A

Hospital autopsy

97
Q

Performed to confirm clinical diagnosis

A

Pathologic autopsy

98
Q

Weapons, fingerprints, and garments left at the crime scene are examples of what type of evidence?

A

Corpus delicti

99
Q

Post-mortem clot is

A

Soft
Stripped off in layers
BV smooth
(+) distinct layering

100
Q

Missing person pressumed dead after how many years?

101
Q

Missing person pressumed dead if on board a sea vessel, in war or in danger of death after how many years?

102
Q

If no physician can sign death certificate

A
  1. Municipal mayor
  2. MHO
  3. Municipal secretary
  4. Councilor
103
Q

Medicolegal classification of death due to injuries inflicted upon the body by some form of outside force that is proximate cause thereof is

104
Q

Postmortem lividity cause of death : color

A

Asphyxia : bluish violet
CO poisoning : cherry red
Dichromate poisoning : chocolate

105
Q

Organs that putrefy LATE

A

Heart
Esophagus
Diaphragm
Lungs
Kidneys
Urinary bladder
Non-gravid uterus
Prostate gland

106
Q

Condition where body becomes soft and flaccid after the disappearance of rigor mortis

A

Stage of 2ndary flaccidity

107
Q

Doctor ordered to produce the skull of the victim kileld by blow in the head caused by blunt weapon
What type of evidence is the skull?

A

Autopic evidence
- perceived by senses

108
Q

Reliable sign of death

A

Postmortem lividity

109
Q

When to transplant an organ

A

No respiration
No BP
Absent heartbeat and pulse

110
Q

Petichial hemorrhage of the skin due to strangulation/ hanging

A

Tardieu spots

111
Q

When body is found already skeletonized, the approximate time of death is about

A

1 month or more

112
Q

Dangerous drugs act of 1972 - manufacture and importation
RA 6425 - importation

A

Importation, manufacture, or distribution of prohibited drugs
Amintenance of drug den, dive or resort for regular costumers

Penalty of at least prison mayor or higher

113
Q

Indirect fatal effects

A

2ndary Hemorrhage
2ndary Shock
Scarring effect
Infection

114
Q

Most important determinant of the wounding capacity of a bullet

A

Bullet momentum

115
Q

Physical phenomenon when there is “shocking or knock down power” of the bullet

A

Disintegration of bullet

116
Q

Production of furrow in the cranium called gutter fracture is caused by

A

Tangential approach of the bullet

117
Q

How soon after drowning does the dead body float

A

Within 24 hrs

118
Q

Whitish foam in the mouth and nostrils as a sign of drowning

A

Champignon d’ocume

119
Q

Doughy lungs

A

Edema aquasum

120
Q

Finding that points to drowning as cause of death

A

Marked congestion of trachea and bronchi which are filled with foreign bodies

121
Q

Bronze coloration of the head and neck of a dead person caused by drowning

A

Tete de negri

122
Q

Accidental death of a young child by suffocation either from pressure of beddings and pillows or from pressure of unconscious or drunk mother

A

Overlaying

123
Q

Covering both nostrils and mouth by a pillow may cause death due to

A

Asphyxia by smothering

124
Q

Assailant standing at the back of the victim and the forearm is applied in front of the neck

In wrestling

125
Q

Mugging belongs to this classification of asphyxia

A

Starngulation

126
Q

Poat mortem finding in death from asphyxia

A

Lungs are engorged with dark blood
Congestion of abdominal viscera
Subepicardial petechial hemorrhage

127
Q

Type of asphyxial death when oxyge. Is delivered to the tissues but cannot be utilized properly due to failure of cellular oxidative process

A

Histotoxic
- carbon monoxide poisoning
- cyanide poisoning

128
Q

Decrease capacity of blood to carry Oxygen

A

Anemic anoxic

129
Q

Failure of blood to ve saturated O2

130
Q

Failure of circulation

A

Stagnant anoxic
- shock

131
Q

Asphyxial death classified under anoxic death

A

Traumatic crush asphyxia

132
Q

Form of judicial death advocated in our country by civil authorities

A

Death by lethal injection

133
Q

Deep inspiration when mouth/nose covered in fluid

A

Respiration de surprise

134
Q

Presidential decree 169 mandates all doctors to report all cases involving

A

Less serious and serious physical injuries

135
Q

Color of contusion changes to green
Contusion’s age is:

A

4-5 days

2-4 days - red/purple
7-10 days - yellow
14-15 days - gradually disappear

136
Q

Firearm with cylindrical magazine situated at the rear of the barrel which can accomodate 5 to 6 cartridge

137
Q

Vertical magazine with 6-7 cartridge

A

Automatic pistol

138
Q

Its main function is the transformation of mechanical energy by the hit of the firing pin on the percussion cap to chemical energy

139
Q

Diameter of gunshot wound point is 1cmx1cm the probable calibre of the forearm used is

140
Q

Primers usually made up of

A

Lead
Barium
Antimony

141
Q

Tottooing aka

A

Stippling / peppering

142
Q

Pugilistic position of a boxer

143
Q

Spinning motion of bullet , its rough surface and inmagination of the skin , all produce

A

Contusion collar

144
Q

Skin is whitened, macerated, and wrinkled

A

Washerwoman’s skin

145
Q

Stippling caused by

A

Gunpowder residue

146
Q

Exit wound in a gunshot

A

Edges are everted
No definite shape
Paraffin test absent
Tatooing absent

147
Q

Short range gunshot

A

Presence of smudging
Abrasive ring present
Presence of powder tattooing

148
Q

Blow to the forehead caused contusion of the eyeball due to fracture of the bone at the roof of the orbit

Skull offering least resistance

A

Locus minoris Resistencia

149
Q

Test for presence of powder residue on clothing

A

Walker’s test

150
Q

Physical injury
Slight injury
Less serious injury
Serious injury

A

Slight injury - 1-9 days
Less serious injury - >10 but <30 days
Serious injury - >30 days

151
Q

Bumper fracture of leg bone

A

Primary impact

152
Q

Partial or complete disruption in the continuity of a muscular or ligamentous support of a joint

153
Q

Overstretching/ rupture of a muscle; may not be associated with a joint

154
Q

Wounding agent producing communication between the inner and outer portion of the hollow organ results in

A

Perforating wound

155
Q

Wounding agent emters the body but did not come out

A

Penetrating wound

156
Q

Sexual intercourse is NOT an element of this crime

A

Abduction (Lewd design)

157
Q

Slightest penetration of the female sexual organ by male sex organ

A

Carnal knowledge

158
Q

Statutory rape

A

<12 yo victim of rape even if with consent of victim

159
Q

Rape

A

(+) force or intimidation
Deprived of reason; unconscious
<12yo

160
Q
  • Seduction of a virgin over 12 and under 18 years of age by certain persons, such as a person in authority, priest, teacher, etc.;and
  • Seduction of a sister by her brother or descendant by her ascendant, regardless of her age or reputation. (incestuous seduction)
A

Qualified seduction

161
Q

Doctor fondled the breast of female patient

Man embraced and kissed woman againts her will

A

Act of lasciviousness

162
Q

Pain is the principal factor for satisfaction, either as a recepient or inflictor is called

A

Algolagnia
Masochism - receiving pain
Sadism - inflicting pain

163
Q

Irrumation

A

Fellatio/ BJ

164
Q

Buggery

A

Sodomy/ anal

165
Q

Sex deviant who submits to surgery to change his or her anatomical sex

A

Transsexual

166
Q

Psychic identification with opposite sex
Crossdressers
Drag queen

A

Transvestite

167
Q

Abnormal sexual act commited by a farmer who had sex with his carabao

A

Zoophilia / bestiality

168
Q

Obscene language to ovtain sexual gratification

A

Coprolalia

169
Q

Virginity is required in this crime

A

Qualified seduction

170
Q

Point considered in defloration

A

Normal V shape configuration of the fourchette has been lost

171
Q

Republic act 8353 amended certain provision of the old law on rape

A

Rape is a crime againts person
Allows for the concept of marital rape
Degenderization of the crime rape

172
Q

Sea water drowning effects

A

Hemoconcentration
HypOvolomia
HypErNatremia

173
Q

Fresh water drowning

A

Hemodilution
HypErVolemia
HypOnatremia
Hyperkalemia
Hemolysis

174
Q

IQ 20 - 40
Maturity of 2 to 7yo child

175
Q

IQ 0 to 20
Maturity like 2yo child or less

176
Q

IQ 40-70
Maturity of 7 to 12 yo child of age

A

Feeble minded

177
Q

Subset of feeble minded but higher IQ
Maturity 7 to 12 yo

178
Q

4 Ds of negligence

A

Duty
Delict of duty/neglect of obligation
Direct cause
Damages

BOARD REVIEW (19 decks)

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