Orthapaedics Flashcards
Indications for joint replacement
Degenerative disease
Inflammatory disease
Trauma
Tumour
Vascular disease
Revision of previous replacement
3 types of hip replacement
Cemented
Hybrid
Uncemented
Difference between cemented and uncemented hip replacement
Cemented uses bone cement to fix implant to bone
Uncemented relies on bone in growth onto implant
What substance is used as cement in cemented joint replacements
Poly(methyl methacrylate) - acrylic polymer
How are Uncemented joint implants designed to increase bone ingrowth
Porous or hydroxyapetite covering
How can cement cause damage to tissue
Cause burns as it sets
Which materials for joint replacements have the lowest wear rate
Ceramic on ceramic
Are intra operational fractures more common in cemented or Uncemented joint replacements and why
Uncemented
Forcing prosthesis into too small hole
How long before a pt can bear weight on a cemented or Uncemented hip replacement
Cemented - immediately
Uncemented - 4-6wks
Spinal fusion
2+ vertebrae joined together with screws and bone graft to stabilise vertebral column
Indications for spinal decompression surgery
Spinal stenosis
Damaged IVD
fractured vertebrae
Tumours
3 types of spinal decompression surgery
Spinal fusion - vertebrae are joined together to stabilise and strengthen the spine
Laminectomy - area of bone from vertebrae is removed to relieve nerve pressure
Discectomy - section of damaged disc is removed to relieve nerve pressure
Vertebroplasty
injection of bone cement into the vertebral body in order to relieve pain and / or stabilise the fractured vertebra
Soft tissue orthopaedic procedures
Tendon repair
Tendon transfer
Tendon lengthening
Ligament repair
Ligament replacement
Free muscle transfer
Free muscle transfer
Replacing damaged or destroyed muscle with other skeletal muscle (+ often overlying skin) from elsewhere in body
Which muscles are most commonly used for free muscle transfer
Gracilis
Rectus femoris
Which tendons are most commonly used for ACK reconstruction
Semitendinous tendon
Gracilis tendon
What procedure can improve toe walking
Achilles tendon lengthening