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LOCO2 > Muscculo-Skeletal Trauma > Flashcards

Muscculo-Skeletal Trauma Flashcards

1
Q

Polytrauma

A

Trauma to several body areas or organ systems

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2
Q

Are upper or lower limb fractures more life threatening and disabling

A

Upper more disabling
Lower more severe injuries

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3
Q

Haemorrhage in which region of the body is most severe

A

Pelvis

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4
Q

Where does blood come from in a pelvic haemorrhage

A

Posterior pelvic venous plexus
Cancellous bone surfaces
Arteries less commonly

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5
Q

How is a pelvic fracture stabilised

A

External fixation for 8wks

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6
Q

Crush syndrome

A

medical condition characterized by major shock and kidney failure after a crushing injury to skeletal muscle.

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7
Q

Compartment syndrome

A

condition in which increased pressure within one of the body’s anatomical compartments results in insufficient blood supply to tissue within that space

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8
Q

Vasospasm

A

sudden contraction of the muscular walls of an artery. It causes the artery to narrow, reducing the amount of blood that can flow through it.

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9
Q

Neurapraxis

A

nerve demyelinated with no injury or disruption to the axon or its surroundings.
temporary loss of motor and sensory function due to blockage of nerve conduction, usually lasting an average of six to eight weeks

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10
Q

Axonotmesis

A

damage to the axon and its myelin sheath, myelin sheath compressed but not severed

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11
Q

Neurotmesis

A

Complete severance of nerve

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12
Q

Characteristics of a muscle suitable for muscle transfer

A

Superficial
Another muscle can take over function

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13
Q

What is the acronym for treating soft tissue trauma

A

PRICE
protect rest ice compression elevate

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14
Q

3 types of fracture reduction

A

Closed / manipulation
Traction
Open reduction internal fixation ORIF

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15
Q

Reduction

A

Returning a fracture to correct alignment

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16
Q

Closed reduction

A

manipulation of the bone fragments without surgical exposure of the fragments

17
Q

When is Traction used

A

When fracture/dislocation needs slow reduction

18
Q

Open reduction internal fixation

A

Fracture procedure to return bones to alignment and fix with screws, rods, and plates

19
Q

What is a rigid and a semi rigid way to hold a reduction

A

Rigid - internal fixation
Semi rigid - plaster

20
Q

Intra medullary nail

A

metal rod that is inserted into the medullary cavity of a bone and across the fracture in order to provide a solid support for the fractured bone

21
Q

Absolute indications for operative treatment of a fracture

A

Displaced intra articular fractures
Open fractures
Vascular injury
Compartment syndrome
Pathological fractures
Non union

22
Q

Pathological fracture

A

bone fracture caused by weakness of the bone structure that leads to decrease mechanical resistance to normal mechanical loads

23
Q

Relative indication for operative treatment of a fracture

A

Loss of position or poor functional result with closed treatment
Poor blood supply
Medical indications

24
Q

Clinical union

A

Bone moves as 1

25
Q

Radiological union

A

At least 3/4 cornices healed on 2 views

26
Q

Fat embolism

A

Fat enters bloodstream and blocks blood flow

27
Q

How can a fracture lead to a fat embolism

A

Fat enters blood from injury

28
Q

6 Ps of MSK assessment

A

Polar
Pallor
Pain
Pulseless
Paralysis
Paraesthesia

29
Q

What happens when the pressure in an anatomical compartment exceeds the perfusion pressure of te compartments

A

Collapse of venues and capillaries

30
Q

What compartment pressures are normal, elevated, and emergency

A

Normal - 0-10mmHg
Elevated - 20-30mmHg
Emergency - 30+mmHg

31
Q

How is compartment syndrome diagnosed

A

Clinical presence
Pressure monitoring

32
Q

Compartment syndrome treatment

A

Fasciotomy

33
Q

Triad of symptoms from fat embolism

A

Neurological - fat lodges in white matter
Pulmonary - fat acts like PE
Petechiae - fat lodges in blood vessels

34
Q

Does fat embolism lead to white specs in white or grey brain matter on MRI

A

white matter

35
Q

Fat embolism treatment

A

Fluids
Oxygen
Albumin

36
Q

Why is albumin given to treat fat embolism

A

Binds fat

37
Q

Does venules or capillaries shut first when compartment pressure increases

A

Venules
Venoules shut at 20mmHg
Capillaries shut at 30mmHg

38
Q

Paraesthesia

A

Pins and needles sensation with loss of light touch, vibration, and discriminatory touch

39
Q

How does compartment syndrome present

A

Shiny skin
Cold
Painful
Bulging

LOCO2 (26 decks)

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