Analgesia And Pain Management Flashcards
Pain types
Nociceptive
Inflammatory
Neuropathic
Nociplastic
Inflammatory mediators released when tissue is damaged
K+
H+
Bradykinin
Histamine
5HT
NO
Which pathway produces leukotrienes and prostanoids
Arachidonic pathway
Neuropathic pain mechanisms
Altered ion channel expression
Ectopic and spontaneous discharge
Emphatic conduction
Collateral sprouting at Pri afferents
Sprouting of sympathetic neurones at DRG
Nociplastic pain mechanisms
Central pain sensitisation
Dysfunctional inhibitory pathways
Pain inhibitory pathways
GABA
Opioid
Mono aminergic
Cannabinoid
Nociceptive pain
Appropriate physiological detection of painful stimulus
Inflammatory pain
Enhanced nociception in the presence of inflammation
Neuropathic pain
Pain initiated or caused by a primary lesion/dysfunction in the nervous system
Nociplastic pain
Pain arising from altered nociception despite no clear evidence of actual or threatened tissue damage
How long does acute pain last
<12 wks
How long does chronic pain last >12wks
Pain measurement tools
VAS Visual analogue score
VRS verbal rating score
Observer scoring
BPI
Magill pain questionaire
SF36
EQ5D
3 steps in pain relief ladder
Non opioid
Weak opioid
Strong opioid
Non opioid painkillers
Aspirin
Paracetamol
Ibuprofen
Diclofenac
COX2 inhibitors