Organs of the Digestive System

Question 1

tongue

Answer 1

location: floor of the oral cavity; attaches to the hyoid bone, mandible, styloid processes, and pharynx

function: taste

tissue: stratified squamous epithelium

Question 2

Pharynx

Answer 2

location: extends from the nasal cavity (nasopharynx), behinds the oral cavity (oropharynx) to the base of the larynx (laryngopharynx)

function: propels food inferiorly into the esophagus

tissue types: longitudinal muscle and circular constrictor muscles

Question 3

Esophagus

Answer 3

location: extends from the laryngopharyngeal sphincter in the superior aspect of the stomach

function: conducts food to the stomach

tissue: skeletal muscle, replaced by smooth muscle in the area nearing the stomach

Question 4

Stomach

Answer 4

location: upper left quadrant of the abdominopelvic cavity

function: temporary storage region for food/site for chemical breakdown of food

tissue: inner most layer of smooth muscle and mucosal glands that secrete mucus

Question 5

Small Intestine

Answer 5

location: extends from the pyloric sphincter to the ileocecal valve

function: completes the digestion process with enzymes

Question 6

Large intestine

Answer 6

location: extends from the ileocecal valve into the anus (ascending, transverse, descending, and sigmoid)

function: consolidate and propel fecal matter toward the anus and eliminate it from the body

tissue: villus, simple columnar epithelium, lamina propria

Question 7

Anus

Answer 7

eliminate feces to the external environment

Question 8

Salivary Glands

Answer 8

Parotid glands: anterior to the ear and ducting into the mouth over the second upper molar through the parotid duct.
Submandibular glands: along the medial aspect of the mandibular body in the floor of the mouth, and ducting under the tongue to the base of the lingual frenulum.
Sublingual glands: t anteriorly in the floor of the mouth and emptying under the tongue via several small ducts

function: empty their secretions in the oral cavity to begin digestion

tissue: mucous cells; serous demilunes; lumen of duct

Question 9

Liver

Answer 9

location: inferior to the diaphragm; more to the right than the left side of the body

function: many metabolic roles; produces bile which leaves the liver through the common hepatic duct

Question 10

Gall Bladder

Answer 10

location: inferior surface of the liver
function: stores bile until needed for the digestive processes

Question 11

Pancreas

Answer 11

location: extends horizontally across the posterior abdominal wall from the spleen to the duodenum

function: produces insulin and glucagon; secretes many hydrolytic enzymes

Question 12

teeth

Answer 12

location: oral canal
function: chewing food into small pieces

Question 13

Tarniae Coli

Answer 13

location: longitudinal bands along the large intestine
function: cause the intestinal wall to pucker into small pocketlike sacs called haustra