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COM - GI Midterm > Organs Of GI Tract > Flashcards

Organs Of GI Tract Flashcards

1
Q

Where does the thoracic esophagus enter the stomach?

A

T11 at cardiac orifice

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2
Q

Where is the esophageal hiatus located?

A

T10

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3
Q

Where is the IVC located?

aorta?

A

T8

T12

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4
Q

What is it called when the esophageal hiatus weakens and the cardia herniated into the thorax?

A

Sliding hiatal hernia

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5
Q

What happens in a paraesophageal hiatal hernia?

A

The fund us of stomach herniated next to esophageal hiatus NOT the esophagus

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6
Q

Where is the left end of the stomach fixed?

Right end?

A

T10-11

L1-2

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7
Q

How long is the duodenum and what shape is it?

Where is it located?

A

10 inches, C-shaped

L1-4

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8
Q

What surrounds the 1st part of the duodenum and holds it in place?

What part of the pancreas is inferior to this part?

A

Hepatoduodenal ligament

Head of the pancreas

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9
Q

Which part of the duodenum is being described?
Head of the pancreas is superior
Jejunum is anterior and inferior
The superior mesenteric artery and vein cross the anterior surface

A

3rd part

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10
Q

What part of the duodenum is being described?
Root of mesentery and Jejunum are anterior
Not covered by parietal peritoneum
Left margin of aorta is posterior

A

4th

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11
Q

Which part of the duodenum is being described?
Funds of gall bladder, R lobe of liver, transverse colon are all anterior
R kidney and ureter are posterior
Head of pancreas is medial
Secondarily Retroperitoneal

A

2nd

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12
Q

What holds in place the 4th part of the duodenum?

A

Suspensory ligament of the duodenum (of Trietz)

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13
Q

Where does the suspensory ligament anchor the 4th part of the duodenum to?

A

R crus of the diaphragm

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14
Q

How long is the Jejunum and ileum?

A

20 ft

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15
Q

Where does the Jejunum end?

A

Ileo-cecal valve

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16
Q 
Describe the following of the Jejunum:
Length
Arcades
Vasa recta
Vascular
Diameter
Plicae
A 
8 ft
Simple
Long vasa recta
more vascular
Greater diameter, thicker
More Plicae
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17
Q 
Describe the following of the ileum:
Length
Arcades
Vasa recta
Vascular
Diameter
Plicae
A 
12 ft
Compound
Short recta
Less vascular
Smaller diameter, thinner
Fewer Plicae
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18
Q

What is Meckel’s diverticulum a feature of?

Give characteristics

A

Ileum

2% population, 2 ft from ileo-cecal junction, 2 different types of epithelia (gastric and pancreatic), within 2 years of life

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19
Q

What is Meckel’s diverticulum a remnant of?

A

Vitelline duct

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20
Q

Where does THE mesentery attach?

A

Jejunum and ileum to posterior body wall

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21
Q

What are the functions of the large intestine?

A

Fecal formation
Transport and evacuation
Water absorption
Mucus secretion

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22
Q

Where is the vermiform appendix attached?

A

Postero-medial part of the cecum

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23
Q

Which parts of the colon are secondarily Retroperitoneal?

A

Ascending and descending

24
Q

Where is the rectum located?

A

Between the sigmoid colon and anal canal

25
Q

What is the anorectal line?

Is the rectum above or below it?

A

Line joining the tops of the anal columns

Above

26
Q

What is the fx of the puborectalis muscle?

A

Defecation

27
Q

What is the Pectinate line?

Is it lower or higher than the anorectal line?

A

Line joining inferior ends of the anal valves

Lower

28
Q

What artery supplies above the Pectinate line?

Below?

A

Superior rectal

Middle and inferior rectal

29
Q

What nerve supplies above the Pectinate line?

Below?

A

Inferior hypogastric plexus

Inferior rectal n.

30
Q

What type of epithelium is above the Pectinate line?

Below?

A

Simple columnar

Stratified squamous

31
Q

What embryologic tissue supplies above the Pectinate line?

Below?

A

Endoderm

Ectoderm

32
Q

What lymph drains above the Pectinate line?

Below?

A

Internal iliac LN

Superificial inguinal LN

33
Q

Retroperitoneal structures SAD PUCKER:

A 
Suprarenal glands
Aorta and IVC
Duodenum (2-4)
Ureters
Colon (asc./desc.)
Kidney
Esophagus
Rectum
34
Q

Where does the spleen develop from?

A

Dorsal mesentery

35
Q

Is the diaphragm posterior or anterior to the spleen?

Are the stomach, left colic flexure and tail of the pancreas posterior or anterior to the spleen?

A

Posterior

Anterior

36
Q

What is inferior to the spleen?

A

Left kidney and phrenicolic ligament

37
Q

Where is the pancreas located?

What type of peritoneum?

A

L1-2

Retroperitoneal (mostly secondarily)

38
Q

Where is the superior mesenteric artery and vein located in relation to the neck of the pancreas?

A

Posterior

39
Q

Where is the tail of the pancreas located?

A

Against the spleen

40
Q

Where are the IVC and aorta located in relation to the pancreas?

A

Posterior to the body

41
Q

Where is the stomach located in relation to the pancreas?

A

Anterior

42
Q

Where is the duodenum in relation to the pancreas?

A

Superior, right, and inferior to the head

43
Q

Where does the transverse colon lie in relation to the pancreas?

A

Anterior and inferior

44
Q

Where does the pancreas develop from?

A

Ventral bud in ventral mesentery

45
Q

Where does the major pancreatic duct join the duodenum?

What does it form?

A

2nd part

Major duodenal papilla (more inferior)

46
Q

What is the falciform ligament?

A

Double layer of peritoneum that connects the liver to the anterior wall

47
Q

What is the fetal remnant of the ligamentum venosum?

A

Ductus venosus

48
Q

What is the round ligament (ligamentum teres) a remnant of?

A

Umbilical vein

49
Q

Portal triad?

A

PPB
Proper hepatic artery
Portal vein
Bile duct

50
Q

Where does the gall bladder contact the anterior abdominal wall?

A

Midclavicular line at the 9/10th costal cartilage located on the transpyloric line

51
Q

What is the lesser omentum in contact with?

A

Hepatoduodenal and hepatogastric ligament

52
Q

What forms the bile duct?

A

Cystic and common hepatic ducts

53
Q

Where does the thoracic esophagus pierce the diaphragm?

A

T10

54
Q

Where is the critical point of Sudeck?

A

Area on colon where lowest sigmoid artery has poor anastomoses with superior rectal artery

55
Q

What kind of innervations supplies the tissues superior to the Pectinate line?

A

Parasympathetic to S2-4

56
Q

Detail the length of the 4 parts of the duodenum

A

1 and 4 are 2 inches

2 and 3 are 3 inches

COM - GI Midterm (11 decks)

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