Organs Of GI Tract

Question 1

Where does the thoracic esophagus enter the stomach?

Answer 1

T11 at cardiac orifice

Question 2

Where is the esophageal hiatus located?

Answer 2

T10

Question 3

Where is the IVC located?

aorta?

Answer 3

T8

T12

Question 4

What is it called when the esophageal hiatus weakens and the cardia herniated into the thorax?

Answer 4

Sliding hiatal hernia

Question 5

What happens in a paraesophageal hiatal hernia?

Answer 5

The fund us of stomach herniated next to esophageal hiatus NOT the esophagus

Question 6

Where is the left end of the stomach fixed?

Right end?

Answer 6

T10-11

L1-2

Question 7

How long is the duodenum and what shape is it?

Where is it located?

Answer 7

10 inches, C-shaped

L1-4

Question 8

What surrounds the 1st part of the duodenum and holds it in place?

What part of the pancreas is inferior to this part?

Answer 8

Hepatoduodenal ligament

Head of the pancreas

Question 9

Which part of the duodenum is being described?
Head of the pancreas is superior
Jejunum is anterior and inferior
The superior mesenteric artery and vein cross the anterior surface

Answer 9

3rd part

Question 10

What part of the duodenum is being described?
Root of mesentery and Jejunum are anterior
Not covered by parietal peritoneum
Left margin of aorta is posterior

Answer 10

4th

Question 11

Which part of the duodenum is being described?
Funds of gall bladder, R lobe of liver, transverse colon are all anterior
R kidney and ureter are posterior
Head of pancreas is medial
Secondarily Retroperitoneal

Answer 11

2nd

Question 12

What holds in place the 4th part of the duodenum?

Answer 12

Suspensory ligament of the duodenum (of Trietz)

Question 13

Where does the suspensory ligament anchor the 4th part of the duodenum to?

Answer 13

R crus of the diaphragm

Question 14

How long is the Jejunum and ileum?

Answer 14

20 ft

Question 15

Where does the Jejunum end?

Answer 15

Ileo-cecal valve

Question 16

Describe the following of the Jejunum:
Length
Arcades
Vasa recta
Vascular
Diameter
Plicae

Answer 16

8 ft
Simple
Long vasa recta
more vascular
Greater diameter, thicker
More Plicae

Question 17

Describe the following of the ileum:
Length
Arcades
Vasa recta
Vascular
Diameter
Plicae

Answer 17

12 ft
Compound
Short recta
Less vascular
Smaller diameter, thinner
Fewer Plicae

Question 18

What is Meckel’s diverticulum a feature of?

Give characteristics

Answer 18

Ileum

2% population, 2 ft from ileo-cecal junction, 2 different types of epithelia (gastric and pancreatic), within 2 years of life

Question 19

What is Meckel’s diverticulum a remnant of?

Answer 19

Vitelline duct

Question 20

Where does THE mesentery attach?

Answer 20

Jejunum and ileum to posterior body wall

Question 21

What are the functions of the large intestine?

Answer 21

Fecal formation
Transport and evacuation
Water absorption
Mucus secretion

Question 22

Where is the vermiform appendix attached?

Answer 22

Postero-medial part of the cecum

Question 23

Which parts of the colon are secondarily Retroperitoneal?

Answer 23

Ascending and descending

Question 24

Where is the rectum located?

Answer 24

Between the sigmoid colon and anal canal

Question 25

What is the anorectal line? Is the rectum above or below it?

Answer 25

Line joining the tops of the anal columns Above

Question 26

What is the fx of the puborectalis muscle?

Answer 26

Defecation

Question 27

What is the Pectinate line? Is it lower or higher than the anorectal line?

Answer 27

Line joining inferior ends of the anal valves Lower

Question 28

What artery supplies above the Pectinate line? Below?

Answer 28

Superior rectal Middle and inferior rectal

Question 29

What nerve supplies above the Pectinate line? Below?

Answer 29

Inferior hypogastric plexus Inferior rectal n.

Question 30

What type of epithelium is above the Pectinate line? Below?

Answer 30

Simple columnar Stratified squamous

Question 31

What embryologic tissue supplies above the Pectinate line? Below?

Answer 31

Endoderm Ectoderm

Question 32

What lymph drains above the Pectinate line? Below?

Answer 32

Internal iliac LN Superificial inguinal LN

Question 33

Retroperitoneal structures SAD PUCKER:

Answer 33

``` Suprarenal glands Aorta and IVC Duodenum (2-4) Ureters Colon (asc./desc.) Kidney Esophagus Rectum ```

Question 34

Where does the spleen develop from?

Answer 34

Dorsal mesentery

Question 35

Is the diaphragm posterior or anterior to the spleen? Are the stomach, left colic flexure and tail of the pancreas posterior or anterior to the spleen?

Answer 35

Posterior Anterior

Question 36

What is inferior to the spleen?

Answer 36

Left kidney and phrenicolic ligament

Question 37

Where is the pancreas located? What type of peritoneum?

Answer 37

L1-2 Retroperitoneal (mostly secondarily)

Question 38

Where is the superior mesenteric artery and vein located in relation to the neck of the pancreas?

Answer 38

Posterior

Question 39

Where is the tail of the pancreas located?

Answer 39

Against the spleen

Question 40

Where are the IVC and aorta located in relation to the pancreas?

Answer 40

Posterior to the body

Question 41

Where is the stomach located in relation to the pancreas?

Answer 41

Anterior

Question 42

Where is the duodenum in relation to the pancreas?

Answer 42

Superior, right, and inferior to the head

Question 43

Where does the transverse colon lie in relation to the pancreas?

Answer 43

Anterior and inferior

Question 44

Where does the pancreas develop from?

Answer 44

Ventral bud in ventral mesentery

Question 45

Where does the major pancreatic duct join the duodenum? What does it form?

Answer 45

2nd part Major duodenal papilla (more inferior)

Question 46

What is the falciform ligament?

Answer 46

Double layer of peritoneum that connects the liver to the anterior wall

Question 47

What is the fetal remnant of the ligamentum venosum?

Answer 47

Ductus venosus

Question 48

What is the round ligament (ligamentum teres) a remnant of?

Answer 48

Umbilical vein

Question 49

Portal triad?

Answer 49

PPB Proper hepatic artery Portal vein Bile duct

Question 50

Where does the gall bladder contact the anterior abdominal wall?

Answer 50

Midclavicular line at the 9/10th costal cartilage located on the transpyloric line

Question 51

What is the lesser omentum in contact with?

Answer 51

Hepatoduodenal and hepatogastric ligament

Question 52

What forms the bile duct?

Answer 52

Cystic and common hepatic ducts

Question 53

Where does the thoracic esophagus pierce the diaphragm?

Answer 53

T10

Question 54

Where is the critical point of Sudeck?

Answer 54

Area on colon where lowest sigmoid artery has poor anastomoses with superior rectal artery

Question 55

What kind of innervations supplies the tissues superior to the Pectinate line?

Answer 55

Parasympathetic to S2-4

Question 56

Detail the length of the 4 parts of the duodenum

Answer 56

1 and 4 are 2 inches | 2 and 3 are 3 inches