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COM - GI Midterm > Histology Of The Lower GI Tract > Flashcards

Histology Of The Lower GI Tract Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 4 degree of folding?

What is their purpose?

A

Plicae circularis
Intestinal villi
Intestinal glands (Crypts of Leiberkuhn)
Micro villi on enterocytes

Increase surface area

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2
Q

Where does Plicae circularis begin?

Where does it disappear?

A

Duodenum

Mid-ileum

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3
Q

What do villi form?

Where do they end?

A

Crypts of Liberkuhn

Muscularis mucosae

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4
Q

What are Crypts of Lieberkuhn?

What kind of cells are in the crypts?

A

Simple tubular glands that increase s.a.

Absorptive, goblet, Paneth, and enteroendocrine cells

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5
Q

Where is the muscularis mucosa located?

A

Between mucosa and submucosa

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6
Q

What is serosa?

A

Thin layer of loose CT covered by visceral peritoneum (mesothelium)

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7
Q

What is mesothelium?

A

Membrane of simple squamous cells that forms the lining of several body cavities

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8
Q

What is the purpose of segmentation?

What controls it?

A

Mix food w/chyme

ANS

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9
Q

Where is the site of of blood and lymphatic flow?

A

Intestinal submucosa

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10
Q

Arterioles from the submucosal plexus create what 2 capillary networks?

A

Villus capillary plexus supplies intestinal villus and upper crypts of Lieberkuhn

Pericryptal capillary plexus supplies lower half

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11
Q

Where are lacteals located?

What are they?

What is their circulation

A

Centrally located within a villus

Convey chyle packaged in chylomicrons

Intestine to lymph to thoracic duct to systemic blood

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12
Q

What distinguishes the duodenum?

A

Brunner’s glands in submucosa

Few goblet cells

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13
Q

What distinguishes the Jejunum?

A

Well-developed Plicae circularis
Irregular villi
No glands/patches

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14
Q

What distinguishes the ileum?

A

Lots of lymphoid nodules (Peyer’s Patches) in LP and submucosa
Finger like villi
Goblet cells

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15
Q

What enzymes are in the enterocytes?

What is their purpose?

How are they transported?

A

Lactase, Maltese, sucrase

Terminal digestion of carbs to reduce them to hexoses

Carrier proteins

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16
Q

What is the secretory products of goblet cells?

How are they released?

Purpose?

A

Glycoproteins (80% carbs, 20% proteins)

Exocytosis

Protective gel against bacterial invasion

17
Q

What do Paneth cells do?

What is their mechanism?

A

Secrete antimicrobial proteins to limit bacteria contact

Kill bacteria by enzymatic degradation of the bacterial wall or disrupting inner membrane

18
Q

What part of the gut does Crohn’s disease affect?

A

Terminal ileum

Large intestine

19
Q

What is the cause of the initial alteration of the intestinal mucosa in Crohn’s disease?
Result?

A

Neutrophils into the Crypts of Lieberkuhn

-occlusion of the lumen by fibrosis and fistula formation of other segments in the small intestine

20
Q

What bacteria is commonly treated with FMT?

What is the purpose?

A

C. diff which causes diarrhea

Replace good bacteria that has been killed or suppressed

21
Q

What is the major function of the large intestine?

A

Transport of ions and water

22
Q

What forms the large intestine?

A

Cecum and appendix –> asc, trans, desc colon –> sigmoid colon –> rectum –> anus

23
Q

What kind of epithelium lines the large intestine?

Formed by what?

What is not found in the large intestine?

A

Simple columnar

Enterocytes and goblet cells

Plicae circularis and villi

24
Q

What do glands of Lieberkuhn contain?

What is not present?

A

Goblet, enteroendocrine, and stem cells

Paneth cells

25
Q

What forms taeniae coli?

What do contractions produce?

A

Outer smooth muscle layer

Haustra

26
Q

Describe the appendix:

A

NO villi, NO taenia coli, lots of lymphoid tissue

thickened wall
Safe house for good bacteria

27
Q

What kind of epithelium below Pectinate line?

A

Keratinized stratified squamous

28
Q

What does the submucosa contain below the Pectinate line?

A

Sebaceous and sweat glands

29
Q

Loss of what gene leads to colorectal tumors?

A

APC (excess of it)

30
Q

What is chyme mixed with?

Via what mechanism?

A

HCl, pepsinogen, gastric lipase, intrinsic factor
PIG H

Peristalsis

COM - GI Midterm (11 decks)

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