Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

COM - GI Midterm > Histology Of Upper GI Tract > Flashcards

Histology Of Upper GI Tract Flashcards

1
Q

What is the function of the small intestine?

A

Digestion via conversion into soluble form for absorption

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the 4 major organs of the digestive tube after the oral cavity?

A

Esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Name the layers of each organ from lumen to outside

A

Mucosa, submucosa, muscularis externa, adventitia/serosa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the 3 components of the mucosa?

A

Epithelial lining with mucosal and submucosal glands and ducts
Lamina propria w/vascularized loose CT
Smooth m.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What parts of the digestive tract have stratified squamous epithelium?

A

Oral cavity, oropharynx, esophagus, anal canal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What parts of the digestive tract have simple columnar epithelium?

A

Stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the function of the epithelium (for all of the gi tract)?

A

Selective permeable barrier
Transport, digestion, absorption
Produce hormones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the lamina propria made of?

What is located there?

What does the lamina propria of the small and large intestines contain?

A

Vascularized loose CT

MPL - marcophages, plasma cells, lymphocytes

Peyer’s Patch or GALT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the purpose of the muscularis mucosae of the mucosal layer?

A

Increase contact area w/food

Propel and mix food in GI tract

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the submucosa made of?

Where are glands present in the submucosa?

A

Dense irregular CT

Esophagus and duodenum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the function of the rugae, plicae, and villi?

A

Increase surface area for absorption

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the 2 layers of muscularis externa?

A

Circular layer - inner layer around lumen

Longitudinal layer - outer layer along the tube
Contraction reduces the lumen and shortens the tube
Both smooth m.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Give the characteristics of the adventitia

A

Outside the peritoneal cavity
Binds to body wall
Loose CT
Blood vessels and Nerves ONLY

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Give the characteristics of the serosa:

A

W/in the peritoneal cavity
Loose CT
Simple squamous epithelium
Blood vessels, nerves, AND FAT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What does the lower esophageal sphincter do?

A

Prevents reflux and regurgitation of stomach contents through contraction
Must relax for food to pass when swallowing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Where is the upper esophageal sphincter located?

A

Near the cricopharyngeus muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What kind of epithelium is the esophagus?

A

Non-kertanized stratified squamous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What kind of muscle is the upper 1/3 of the esophagus? Fx?

Lower 2/3 muscle? Fx?

A

Skeletal, voluntary swallowing

Smooth, peristalsis

19
Q

Where does the mucosa transfer from stratified squamous to simple columnar?

A

At the gastroesophageal junction

20
Q

What does the UES participate in?

A

Beginning of swallowing

21
Q

what is Barrett’s esophagus?

Due to what?

What does it predispose you to?

A

Change in esophageal epithelium from stratified squamous to simple columnar
Due to GERD
Adenocarcinoma of the esophagus

22
Q

What is the function of the stomach?

A

Homogenize and chemically process food

23
Q

What makes up the orad area of the stomach?

A

Cardia and fundus, LES

24
Q

What makes up the caudad area of the stomach?

A

Body and antrum

Regulates gastric emptying

25
Q

What are cardiac glands like?

What are they lined by?

A

Simple tubular, coiled at lower end

Mucus-secreting cells

26
Q

What are the 5 types of gastric glands?

A 
Mucous neck
Chief
Parietal
Stem
Gastroenteroendocrine cells
27
Q

What are the 2 classes of mucus producing cells?

A

Surface mucous cells lining the pit

Mucous neck cells located at the opening of the gastric gland into the pit

28
Q

What do mucous cells produce?
What is formed?
What is trapped?

A

Mucins and glycoproteins
Insoluble gel that forms protective gastric mucosal barrier

Bicarbonate ions and neutralizes acidic pH

29
Q

Where do chief cells predominate?
Where are they found?
What do they make and how?

A

Lower 1/3 of the gastric gland
Pyloric antrum NOT in cardiac glands
Pepsinogen and ultimately pepsin via exocytosis

30
Q

What do parietal cells secrete?

A

HCl and intrinsic factor

31
Q

What causes autoimmune gastritis?

What is the result?

A

Autoantibodies to H-K dependent ATPase and to intrinsic factor

Result is decreased HCl and lack of intrinsic factor leading to B12 deficiency thus producing pernicious anemia

32
Q

What stimulates parietal cells to make HCl?

What produces these things?

A

ACh and Gastrin

Enteroendocrine cells

33
Q

What does Helicobacter pylori do?

What is the result?

A

Survives and replicates in the gastric lumen, can live in the pyloric antrum

Acid peptic ulcers and adenocarcinoma of the stomach

34
Q

Gastroenteroendocrine cells are members of what?

What are the 3 main functions of peptide hormones?

A

DNES

Regulation of water/electrolyte metabolism and enzyme secretion
Regulation of gi motility and mucosal growth
Stimulation of the release of other peptide hormones

35
Q

What releases secretin? When?

Secretin effects?

What does secretin stimulate?

A

Cells in the duodenal glands of Leiberkuhn when gastric contents enter the duodenum
Stimulates Brunner’s glands bicarbonate to control gastric acid secretion and regulate pH of the duodenum
Also stimulates chief cells to secrete pepsinogen, inhibits Gastrin (no HCl is made)

36
Q

What makes Gastrin?

Main function?

What else can Gastrin activate?

A

G cells in pyloric antrum

Stimulate HCl production via parietal cells

CCK to stimulate gallbladder contraction

37
Q

What produces CCK?

Function?

A

Duodenum

Stimulate gallbladder, contracts/relaxes sphincter of Oddi when protein and fat-rich chyme enters duodenum

38
Q

Where is GIP produced?

What does it stimulate?

A

Duodenum

Insulin release when glucose is in the small intestine

39
Q

How is motilin released and from where?

What does it stimulate?

A

Cyclically every 90 minutes during fasting from upper small intestine, neurally controlled

Stimulates gi motility

40
Q

Where is Ghrelin produced?

Where does it bind?

What does it stimulate?

A

Stomach (fundus)

GH-secreting cells of the anterior hypophysis

Stimulates secretion of growth hormone, inc. during fasting

41
Q

What fibers predominate in the lamina propria?

What is rare?

A

Reticular and collagen fibers

Elastic fibers

42
Q

At the level of the distal pyloric antrum, the circular muscle thickens to form what?

A

Annular pyloric sphincter

43
Q

What increases surface area to facilitate digestion?

A

Villi

COM - GI Midterm (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions