Ant. Abdominal Wall

Question 1

What is the pelvic inlet formed from?

Answer 1

Pectin pubis
Arcuate line
Sacral promontory

Question 2

Where is the subcostal plane located?

Answer 2

10th costal cartilage

sup. Border of L3

Question 3

Where is the transtubercular plane located?

Answer 3

Tubercles of iliac crests

L5

Question 4

Where is the transumbilical plane located?

Alternate name?

Answer 4

L3-4

Supracristal plane

Question 5

Where is the transpyloric plane located?

Answer 5

T12 - L1

Half-way between the jugular notch and the pubic symphysis

Question 6

What are the anterior muscles of the abdomen?

Answer 6

Rectus abdominus and pyramidal is

Question 7

What are the Anterolateral muscles of the abdominal wall?

Answer 7

Ext. oblique
Int. oblique
Transversus abdominus

Question 8

What are the posterior muscles of the abdomen?

Answer 8

Iliacus
Psoas major and minor
Quadratus lumborum

Question 9

Where is McBurney’s point located?

Answer 9

1/3 distance from lateral end of a line between umbilicus and ASIS

Question 10

What forms the inguinal ligament?

Alternate name for inguinal ligament?

Answer 10

External abdominal oblique m.

Poupart’s ligament

Question 11

How do the fibers run of the ext. abdom. Oblique?

What does the aponeurosis form?

Answer 11

Inferomedially

Linea alba

Question 12

Where does the inguinal ligament attach?

Answer 12

ASIS and pubic tubercle

Question 13

What makes up the superficial inguinal ring?

Answer 13

Medial crus
Lateral crus
Intercrural fibers

Question 14

What is the lacunar ligament?

What can it cause?

Answer 14

Extension of the inguinal ligament

Femoral hernia by cutting the femoral canal

Question 15

What is the pectineal ligament?

Answer 15

Lateral-posterior extension of the lacunar ligament

Can constrict a femoral hernia

Question 16

How do the fibers run of the internal abdominal oblique muscle run?

What does it help to form?

Answer 16

Superomedially

Conjoint tendon (falx inguinalis)

Question 17

What forms the Cremaster muscles?

What does this muscle surround?

Answer 17

Internal ab. Oblique m.

Spermatic cord

Question 18

How do the fibers of the transversus abdominis m. Run?

What does it form medially?

Answer 18

Horizontally

Conjoint tendon w/internal oblique

Question 19

What kind of muscle is the rectus abdominis?

Describe its tendons?

What muscle may be located here in the rectus sheath?

Answer 19

Strap muscles

Tendinous intersections perpendicular to fibers

Pyramidalis

Question 20

What does the pyramidalis muscle do?

Where does it attach?

Answer 20

Tenses linea Alba

Pubic crest

Question 21

Where do nerves and vessels run in the abdomen?

Answer 21

Between internal oblique and transversus abdominis

Question 22

What are the functions of the anterior abdominal wall?

Answer 22

Flex the trunk anteriorly
Laterally flex the trunk
Rotate the trunk

Question 23

What are 3 accessory actions of the anterior abdominal wall muscles?

Answer 23

Assist in respiration
Important in Valsalva maneuver
Act during coughing, sneezing, urination, defecation, vomiting, parturition

Question 24

What is the fatty superficial layer called?

Answer 24

Camper’s

Question 25

What is the membranous superficial layer called?

Answer 25

Scarpa's

Question 26

Where do superficial blood vessels run in the abdomen layers?

Answer 26

Camper's (fatty layer)

Question 27

What layer fuses with the fascia lats and is continuous over the penis and scrotum?

Answer 27

Scarpa's (membranous)

Question 28

What layer holds sutures in place?

Answer 28

Deep fascia of the abdominal wall

Question 29

Where can fluid leak into a potential space in the abdomen?

Answer 29

Bw the membranous layer and deep fascia of the external abdominal oblique m.

Question 30

What muscles does the rectus sheath enclose?

Answer 30

Pyramidalis and rectus abdominis

Question 31

Where is the arcuate line located?

Answer 31

1/2 way between umbilicus and pubic symphysis

Question 32

Above the arcuate line, what is the division like of the layers?

Answer 32

Ant: skin, Camper's, Scarpa's, ext. oblique m., 1 layer of int. oblique m., rectus abdominis m. Post: 1 layer of int. oblique m., transversus abdominis m., transversalis fascia, extraperitoneal tissue, parietal peritoneum

Question 33

What is the arrangement of layers below the arcuate line?

Answer 33

Ant: all the muscles including rectus abdominis Post: transversalis fascia, extraperitoneal tissue, parietal peritoneum

Question 34

Where do the deep arteries of the abdominal wall arise from Superiorly? Inferiorly?

Answer 34

Subclavian artery via the internal thoracic a. External iliac artery

Question 35

Where do the superficial arteries arise from superiorly? Inferiorly?

Answer 35

Perforating branches Branches from femoral artery

Question 36

What are the deep arteries of the anterior abdominal wall?

Answer 36

``` Musculophrenic Superior epigastric Inferior epigastric Deep circumflex iliac Intercostal, subcostal, and lumbar ```

Question 37

What are the superficial arteries of the ant. Abdominal wall?

Answer 37

Superficial circumflex iliac Superficial epigastric External pudendal (superficial and deep branches)

Question 38

Where do anterior abdominal wall deep veins drain to?

Answer 38

Subclavian v. External iliac v. Lumbar and intercostal v.

Question 39

Where do superficial abdominal wall veins drain?

Answer 39

W/in Camper's Thoracoepigastric via lateral thoracic and superficial epigastric

Question 40

What sensory dermatome is at T7? T10? L1?

Answer 40

Xiphoid tip Umbilical region Inguinal fold

Question 41

What dermatomes does the intercostal n. Innervate? Subcostal n.? Lumbar n?

Answer 41

T7-11 T12 L1-4

Question 42

What nerves supply the anterior abdominal wall muscles?

Answer 42

Ventral rami | Intercostal n.

Question 43

What is the origin of the iliohypogastric n? Ilioinguinal n.? GenFem?

Answer 43

L1 and T12 L1 L1 and L2

Question 44

What nerve supplies the groin, thigh and scrotum/labrum?

Answer 44

Ilioinguinal

Question 45

What nerve supplies the cremaster muscle?

Answer 45

Genital branch of GenFem n.

Question 46

What nerve supplies the suprapubic region? What branches does it have?

Answer 46

Iliohypogastric Lateral and anterior cutaneous

Question 47

What does the femoral branch of the GenFem n. Supply?

Answer 47

Cutaneous area of the femoral triangle

Question 48

Where does superficial lymphatic drainage drain superiorly? Inferiorly?

Answer 48

from umbilical region ant. Axillary and sternal nodes Umbilical region to superficial inguinal nodes

Question 49

Ant. Abdominal wall lymphatic deep drainage?

Answer 49

Post. Intercostal and lumbar vessels to deep abdominal nodes From testes to deep abdominal nodes

Question 50

What are umbilical hernias? Who is more susceptible?

Answer 50

Incomplete healing of a scar, weakened abdominal muscles Infants and women

Question 51

What is an epigastric hernia, what does it involve? Who is more susceptible?

Answer 51

Hernia of Linea Alba, does not involve umbilicus More common in men

Question 52

Floor of inguinal canal?

Answer 52

Inguinal ligament and lacunar ligament

Question 53

Roof of inguinal canal?

Answer 53

Internal abdominal oblique

Question 54

Anterior wall of inguinal canal?

Answer 54

External abdominal oblique

Question 55

Posterior wall of inguinal canal?

Answer 55

Transversalis fascia and conjoint tendon

Question 56

What makes up the conjoint tendon?

Answer 56

Transversus abdominis and internal oblique

Question 57

What makes up the spermatic cord?

Answer 57

Ductus deferens, testicular artery and vein

Question 58

What is the entrance of the spermatic cord into the inguinal canal?

Answer 58

Deep inguinal ring

Question 59

Where do the tests develop from? How?

Answer 59

Urogenital ridge of mesoderm Retroperitoneally

Question 60

What guides the migration of the testes? How is it attached?

Answer 60

Gubernaculum Attached inferiorly to the labial-scrotal fold

Question 61

What does the processus vaginalis do and what does it become?

Answer 61

Pushes into labial scrotal swelling Becomes tunica vaginalis

Question 62

What is cryptorchidism?

Answer 62

Undescended testes

Question 63

What is hematocele?

Answer 63

Blood in the tunica vaginalis

Question 64

What fascial layers do the testes acquire?

Answer 64

Internal spermatic fascia Cremaster fascia and muscle External spermatic fascia Tunica vaginalis CITE

Question 65

What draws the testes in closer to the body to make it warm?

Answer 65

Cremaster muscle | Dartos muscle

Question 66

In the descent of the ovaries, what does the upper gubernaculum become? Lower?

Answer 66

Ovarian ligament Round ligament of uterus

Question 67

What is the exit point of the spermatic cord through external oblique muscle?

Answer 67

Superficial inguinal ring

Question 68

What are the testis and epididymis partially covered by?

Answer 68

Tunica vaginalis

Question 69

Where do femoral hernias exit the abdomen? More common in who?

Answer 69

Through the femoral canal, inferior to the inguinal ligament Women

Question 70

Where is the bulge located in a direct inguinal hernia? What causes it? Most common in who?

Answer 70

Neck of hernial sac is Medial to inferior epigastric artery Weak conjoint tendon Older men, usually bilateral

Question 71

Where is the neck of the hernial sac located in an indirect inguinal hernia? What causes what? More common in who?

Answer 71

Lateral to inferior epigastric artery Incomplete closure of the processus vaginalis Young boys (hernia descends all the way into scrotum)

Question 72

Where is the supracristal plane located?

Answer 72

Iliac crests | Spinous process of L4

Question 73

Where is the spleen located?

Answer 73

LUQ

Question 74

Where is the tail of the pancreas located?

Answer 74

LUQ

Question 75

Where is the vermiform appendix located?

Answer 75

RLQ

Question 76

Where is the duodenum located?

Answer 76

RUQ

Question 77

Where is the sigmoid colon located?

Answer 77

LLQ

Question 78

Where is the gallbladder located?

Answer 78

RUQ

Question 79

What does the deep circumflex iliac artery arise from?

Answer 79

External iliac artery

Question 80

Where do the superficial arteries arise from?

Answer 80

Femoral artery

Question 81

What drains to the subclavian vein?

Answer 81

Superior epigastric | Musculophrenic

Question 82

What drains to the external iliac vein?

Answer 82

Inferior epigastric | Deep circumflex iliac

Question 83

What drains to the azygos system?

Answer 83

Post. Intercostal veins 10 and 11 | Subcostal v.

Question 84

What drains to the IVC?

Answer 84

Lumbar veins

Question 85

What is a spigelian hernia?

Answer 85

Hernia at the semilunar line of the anterior rectus sheath

Question 86

Where can incisional hernias occur?

Answer 86

Surgical or laparotomy sites

Question 87

Alternate name for the pelvic inlet? What does it separate? Above the line indicates what?

Answer 87

Linea terminales True from false pelvis False pelvis or abdomen