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COM - GI Midterm > Ant. Abdominal Wall > Flashcards

Ant. Abdominal Wall Flashcards

1
Q

What is the pelvic inlet formed from?

A

Pectin pubis
Arcuate line
Sacral promontory

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2
Q

Where is the subcostal plane located?

A

10th costal cartilage

sup. Border of L3

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3
Q

Where is the transtubercular plane located?

A

Tubercles of iliac crests

L5

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4
Q

Where is the transumbilical plane located?

Alternate name?

A

L3-4

Supracristal plane

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5
Q

Where is the transpyloric plane located?

A

T12 - L1

Half-way between the jugular notch and the pubic symphysis

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6
Q

What are the anterior muscles of the abdomen?

A

Rectus abdominus and pyramidal is

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7
Q

What are the Anterolateral muscles of the abdominal wall?

A

Ext. oblique
Int. oblique
Transversus abdominus

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8
Q

What are the posterior muscles of the abdomen?

A

Iliacus
Psoas major and minor
Quadratus lumborum

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9
Q

Where is McBurney’s point located?

A

1/3 distance from lateral end of a line between umbilicus and ASIS

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10
Q

What forms the inguinal ligament?

Alternate name for inguinal ligament?

A

External abdominal oblique m.

Poupart’s ligament

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11
Q

How do the fibers run of the ext. abdom. Oblique?

What does the aponeurosis form?

A

Inferomedially

Linea alba

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12
Q

Where does the inguinal ligament attach?

A

ASIS and pubic tubercle

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13
Q

What makes up the superficial inguinal ring?

A

Medial crus
Lateral crus
Intercrural fibers

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14
Q

What is the lacunar ligament?

What can it cause?

A

Extension of the inguinal ligament

Femoral hernia by cutting the femoral canal

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15
Q

What is the pectineal ligament?

A

Lateral-posterior extension of the lacunar ligament

Can constrict a femoral hernia

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16
Q

How do the fibers run of the internal abdominal oblique muscle run?

What does it help to form?

A

Superomedially

Conjoint tendon (falx inguinalis)

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17
Q

What forms the Cremaster muscles?

What does this muscle surround?

A

Internal ab. Oblique m.

Spermatic cord

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18
Q

How do the fibers of the transversus abdominis m. Run?

What does it form medially?

A

Horizontally

Conjoint tendon w/internal oblique

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19
Q

What kind of muscle is the rectus abdominis?

Describe its tendons?

What muscle may be located here in the rectus sheath?

A

Strap muscles

Tendinous intersections perpendicular to fibers

Pyramidalis

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20
Q

What does the pyramidalis muscle do?

Where does it attach?

A

Tenses linea Alba

Pubic crest

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21
Q

Where do nerves and vessels run in the abdomen?

A

Between internal oblique and transversus abdominis

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22
Q

What are the functions of the anterior abdominal wall?

A

Flex the trunk anteriorly
Laterally flex the trunk
Rotate the trunk

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23
Q

What are 3 accessory actions of the anterior abdominal wall muscles?

A

Assist in respiration
Important in Valsalva maneuver
Act during coughing, sneezing, urination, defecation, vomiting, parturition

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24
Q

What is the fatty superficial layer called?

A

Camper’s

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25
Q

What is the membranous superficial layer called?

A

Scarpa’s

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26
Q

Where do superficial blood vessels run in the abdomen layers?

A

Camper’s (fatty layer)

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27
Q

What layer fuses with the fascia lats and is continuous over the penis and scrotum?

A

Scarpa’s (membranous)

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28
Q

What layer holds sutures in place?

A

Deep fascia of the abdominal wall

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29
Q

Where can fluid leak into a potential space in the abdomen?

A

Bw the membranous layer and deep fascia of the external abdominal oblique m.

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30
Q

What muscles does the rectus sheath enclose?

A

Pyramidalis and rectus abdominis

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31
Q

Where is the arcuate line located?

A

1/2 way between umbilicus and pubic symphysis

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32
Q

Above the arcuate line, what is the division like of the layers?

A

Ant: skin, Camper’s, Scarpa’s, ext. oblique m., 1 layer of int. oblique m., rectus abdominis m.

Post: 1 layer of int. oblique m., transversus abdominis m., transversalis fascia, extraperitoneal tissue, parietal peritoneum

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33
Q

What is the arrangement of layers below the arcuate line?

A

Ant: all the muscles including rectus abdominis

Post: transversalis fascia, extraperitoneal tissue, parietal peritoneum

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34
Q

Where do the deep arteries of the abdominal wall arise from Superiorly?

Inferiorly?

A

Subclavian artery via the internal thoracic a.

External iliac artery

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35
Q

Where do the superficial arteries arise from superiorly?

Inferiorly?

A

Perforating branches

Branches from femoral artery

36
Q

What are the deep arteries of the anterior abdominal wall?

A 
Musculophrenic
Superior epigastric
Inferior epigastric
Deep circumflex iliac
Intercostal, subcostal, and lumbar
37
Q

What are the superficial arteries of the ant. Abdominal wall?

A

Superficial circumflex iliac
Superficial epigastric
External pudendal (superficial and deep branches)

38
Q

Where do anterior abdominal wall deep veins drain to?

A

Subclavian v.
External iliac v.
Lumbar and intercostal v.

39
Q

Where do superficial abdominal wall veins drain?

A

W/in Camper’s

Thoracoepigastric via lateral thoracic and superficial epigastric

40
Q

What sensory dermatome is at T7?
T10?
L1?

A

Xiphoid tip
Umbilical region
Inguinal fold

41
Q

What dermatomes does the intercostal n. Innervate?
Subcostal n.?
Lumbar n?

A

T7-11
T12
L1-4

42
Q

What nerves supply the anterior abdominal wall muscles?

A

Ventral rami

Intercostal n.

43
Q

What is the origin of the iliohypogastric n?
Ilioinguinal n.?
GenFem?

A

L1 and T12
L1
L1 and L2

44
Q

What nerve supplies the groin, thigh and scrotum/labrum?

A

Ilioinguinal

45
Q

What nerve supplies the cremaster muscle?

A

Genital branch of GenFem n.

46
Q

What nerve supplies the suprapubic region?

What branches does it have?

A

Iliohypogastric

Lateral and anterior cutaneous

47
Q

What does the femoral branch of the GenFem n. Supply?

A

Cutaneous area of the femoral triangle

48
Q

Where does superficial lymphatic drainage drain superiorly?

Inferiorly?

A

from umbilical region ant. Axillary and sternal nodes

Umbilical region to superficial inguinal nodes

49
Q

Ant. Abdominal wall lymphatic deep drainage?

A

Post. Intercostal and lumbar vessels to deep abdominal nodes

From testes to deep abdominal nodes

50
Q

What are umbilical hernias?

Who is more susceptible?

A

Incomplete healing of a scar, weakened abdominal muscles

Infants and women

51
Q

What is an epigastric hernia, what does it involve?

Who is more susceptible?

A

Hernia of Linea Alba, does not involve umbilicus

More common in men

52
Q

Floor of inguinal canal?

A

Inguinal ligament and lacunar ligament

53
Q

Roof of inguinal canal?

A

Internal abdominal oblique

54
Q

Anterior wall of inguinal canal?

A

External abdominal oblique

55
Q

Posterior wall of inguinal canal?

A

Transversalis fascia and conjoint tendon

56
Q

What makes up the conjoint tendon?

A

Transversus abdominis and internal oblique

57
Q

What makes up the spermatic cord?

A

Ductus deferens, testicular artery and vein

58
Q

What is the entrance of the spermatic cord into the inguinal canal?

A

Deep inguinal ring

59
Q

Where do the tests develop from?

How?

A

Urogenital ridge of mesoderm

Retroperitoneally

60
Q

What guides the migration of the testes?

How is it attached?

A

Gubernaculum

Attached inferiorly to the labial-scrotal fold

61
Q

What does the processus vaginalis do and what does it become?

A

Pushes into labial scrotal swelling

Becomes tunica vaginalis

62
Q

What is cryptorchidism?

A

Undescended testes

63
Q

What is hematocele?

A

Blood in the tunica vaginalis

64
Q

What fascial layers do the testes acquire?

A

Internal spermatic fascia
Cremaster fascia and muscle
External spermatic fascia
Tunica vaginalis

CITE

65
Q

What draws the testes in closer to the body to make it warm?

A

Cremaster muscle

Dartos muscle

66
Q

In the descent of the ovaries, what does the upper gubernaculum become?

Lower?

A

Ovarian ligament

Round ligament of uterus

67
Q

What is the exit point of the spermatic cord through external oblique muscle?

A

Superficial inguinal ring

68
Q

What are the testis and epididymis partially covered by?

A

Tunica vaginalis

69
Q

Where do femoral hernias exit the abdomen?

More common in who?

A

Through the femoral canal, inferior to the inguinal ligament

Women

70
Q

Where is the bulge located in a direct inguinal hernia?
What causes it?
Most common in who?

A

Neck of hernial sac is Medial to inferior epigastric artery
Weak conjoint tendon
Older men, usually bilateral

71
Q

Where is the neck of the hernial sac located in an indirect inguinal hernia?
What causes what?
More common in who?

A

Lateral to inferior epigastric artery
Incomplete closure of the processus vaginalis
Young boys (hernia descends all the way into scrotum)

72
Q

Where is the supracristal plane located?

A

Iliac crests

Spinous process of L4

73
Q

Where is the spleen located?

A

LUQ

74
Q

Where is the tail of the pancreas located?

A

LUQ

75
Q

Where is the vermiform appendix located?

A

RLQ

76
Q

Where is the duodenum located?

A

RUQ

77
Q

Where is the sigmoid colon located?

A

LLQ

78
Q

Where is the gallbladder located?

A

RUQ

79
Q

What does the deep circumflex iliac artery arise from?

A

External iliac artery

80
Q

Where do the superficial arteries arise from?

A

Femoral artery

81
Q

What drains to the subclavian vein?

A

Superior epigastric

Musculophrenic

82
Q

What drains to the external iliac vein?

A

Inferior epigastric

Deep circumflex iliac

83
Q

What drains to the azygos system?

A

Post. Intercostal veins 10 and 11

Subcostal v.

84
Q

What drains to the IVC?

A

Lumbar veins

85
Q

What is a spigelian hernia?

A

Hernia at the semilunar line of the anterior rectus sheath

86
Q

Where can incisional hernias occur?

A

Surgical or laparotomy sites

87
Q

Alternate name for the pelvic inlet?
What does it separate?
Above the line indicates what?

A

Linea terminales
True from false pelvis
False pelvis or abdomen

COM - GI Midterm (11 decks)

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