organism and population Flashcards
father of ecology in India
ramdeo misra
maximum and minimum productivity
tropical forest, arctic and alpine tundra
eurythermal [warm blooded]
who can tolerate wide range of temperatures, homeostasis eg; birds and mammals, *regulate
stenothermal [cold blooded]
can tolerate only narrow range of temperature, eg; lizard, 99% animals and all plants, confirm*
salt concentration
inland H2O < 5ppt
sea 30-35 ppt
hypersaline legume > 100ppt
euryhaline
can tolerate wide range of salinities
siberian crane
Keoladeo national park [ bharathpur Rajasthan]
stenohaline
tolerate narrow range of salinity
Aestivation
summer sleep
eg; fish and snail
hibernation
winter sleep
diapause
a stage of suspended development of many zooplankton in lake and ponds
Physiological adaptations
kangaroo rat
adaptation in desert
Anatomical adaptation; thick cuticle
Physiological adaptation ; stomata remain closed during day time
Morphological adaptation ; leaves re reduce to spines
Allens rule
cold region mammals have shorter ears and limbs
bergmanns rule
large size animals in colder region
birth rate
change/ initial = final-initial/initial
attributes of population
birth rate
death rate
sex ratio
population density
age pyramid
death rate
initial-final/initial
age pyramid
triangular -expanding
bell shaped - stable
urn shaped -declining
biomass
eg; parthenium grass and banyan tree
relative density
eg; no. of fish caught in trap indicates its total population density in the lake
indirect count
eg; based on pug marks and fecal pellet
population density’N’
B+,I+ ,D-,E-
N[t+1]
N +[{B+I} - {D+E}]
GROWTH MODEL
exponential growth[ unlimited resources, J - shaped], logistic growth[ limited resources, sigmoid curve]
rate of growth
differential ; dN/dt= [b-d]N
b-d = r[ intrinsic rate of natural increase]
integral ; N[t]= Noe^rt
e= 2.71
rate of growth with environmental resistance
verhults pearl logistic growth ; differential ; dN/dt= rN[K-N/K][K-N/K] - environmental resistance
integral ; N[t]= Noe^r[K-N/K]t
predator
all carnivores and herbivores are predator
predators in nature are prudent
commensalism
orchid in mango
barnacles whale
clown fish sea anymore
cattle egret and cattle
ammensalism
black walnut apple plant
penicillium bacteria
