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neet > evolution > Flashcards

evolution Flashcards

1
Q

origin of universe

A

20 billion years ago

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2
Q

origin of earth

A

4.5 bya

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3
Q

theory of special creation

A

father saurez
earth 4000yrs

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4
Q

origin of life

A

4 bya

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5
Q

theory of catastrophism

A

cuvior

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6
Q

cosmozoic theory of life

A

life came from other planet

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6
Q

theory of spontaneous generation / abiogenesis

A

life came from dead and decaying matter

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7
Q

theory of chemical evolution

A

oparin [russian] , Haldane [british], first life came from inorganic material

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7
Q

Louis pasteur

A

disproved abiogenesis, life came from pre existing life, swan neck flask experiment

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8
Q

miller and Urey exp

A

WHAM [water, hydrogen, ammonia and methane]
result; AAG[alanine ,aspartic acid, glycine]

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9
Q

first non cellular life

A

3 bya

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10
Q

first cellular life

A

2000 mya

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11
Q

first macro molecule

A

RNA

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12
Q

study of fossils

A

palaeonthological evidence

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13
Q

missing link

A

Archaeopteryx

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14
Q

Homologous organ

A

common origin, common ancestry , divergent evolution
eg; bougainvillea [thorns] cucurbita[tendrils] , forelimbs of vertebrates

15
Q

Analogous organ

A

not common origin, convergent evolution, not common ancestry
eg; potato sweet potato ,wings of butterfly and birds, eyes of octopus and mammals ,flippers of dolphin and penguin

16
Q

vestigial organ

A

organ which has no function

17
Q

embryological evidence

A

ernst hackel
ontogeny recapitulates phylogeny
gill slits [aquatic ancestry]
disproved by karl ernst von baer

18
Q

adaptive radiation

A

common ancestry
darwin finches[ Galapagos island ], Australian marsupials, placental mammals ,[ spotted cuscus lemur, numbat anteater]= convergent evolution

starting from a point and radiating to different geographical areas

19
Q

Darwinian theory/ natural selection[ high rate of reproduction , resources limited= struggle]

A

hms baegle ship, Alfred Wallace = Malay archipelago,
fit= reproductive fitnes
Herbert Spencer = survival of fittest
darwin 2 key concept ; natural selection , branching descent

19
Q

theories of evolution

A

lamark= use and disuse of organ
august weisman= theory of germ plasm, disproved theory of inheritance of acquired character

20
Q

Hugo de vries

A

Evolution ; mutation
directionless
large variation
random, sudden
single large step mutation= saltation
experiment on evening primrose

21
Q

natural selection by anthropogenic action

A

excess use of antibodies or drugs , herbicides or pesticides result in resistant varieties

22
Q

hardy Weinberg eqlbm

A

if the evolution then population will be in eqlbm
sum total of allelic frequency is 1; AA=p2 , Aa=2pq , aa=q2
p2+2pq+q2=1; p+q=1

23
Q

natural selection 3 types

A

stabilising , directional, disruptive

24
Q

genetic drift/ sewall wright effect

A

accidental change in allelic frequency
founders effect, bottle neck effect

25
Q

invertebrates evolution

A

5 mya

25
Q

jawless fishes

A

350 mya

26
Q

plants

A

320 mya

27
Q

first true land vertebrate

A

reptile ,200 mya

28
Q

water dwelling reptile eg

A

Ichthyosaurs

29
Q

Tyrannosaurus

A

largest dinosaur

30
Q
A

early reptile ;
sauraupsid and synapsid
sauraupsid; thecodont - some extinct some modern day reptile such as crocodile , dinosaur , modern birds
synapsid; pelycosaures- extinct , therapsids - modern day mammal

31
Q

Dinosaur suddenly disappeared

A

65 mya

32
Q

human evolution

A

DRAHEN
15 mya D[more ape like],R [more man like]
3-4 mya man like primates walked in eastern Africa
2 mya , A ate fruit
H- first human like 650-800cc
1.5 mya E , 900 cc , ate meat
N 1400cc 1lakh to 40,000 years back lived in east and central asia
homo sapiens in africa, 75000-10000 year ago
agriculture 10,000 year ago

neet (17 decks)

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