evolution Flashcards
origin of universe
20 billion years ago
origin of earth
4.5 bya
theory of special creation
father saurez
earth 4000yrs
origin of life
4 bya
theory of catastrophism
cuvior
cosmozoic theory of life
life came from other planet
theory of spontaneous generation / abiogenesis
life came from dead and decaying matter
theory of chemical evolution
oparin [russian] , Haldane [british], first life came from inorganic material
Louis pasteur
disproved abiogenesis, life came from pre existing life, swan neck flask experiment
miller and Urey exp
WHAM [water, hydrogen, ammonia and methane]
result; AAG[alanine ,aspartic acid, glycine]
first non cellular life
3 bya
first cellular life
2000 mya
first macro molecule
RNA
study of fossils
palaeonthological evidence
missing link
Archaeopteryx
Homologous organ
common origin, common ancestry , divergent evolution
eg; bougainvillea [thorns] cucurbita[tendrils] , forelimbs of vertebrates
Analogous organ
not common origin, convergent evolution, not common ancestry
eg; potato sweet potato ,wings of butterfly and birds, eyes of octopus and mammals ,flippers of dolphin and penguin
vestigial organ
organ which has no function
embryological evidence
ernst hackel
ontogeny recapitulates phylogeny
gill slits [aquatic ancestry]
disproved by karl ernst von baer
adaptive radiation
common ancestry
darwin finches[ Galapagos island ], Australian marsupials, placental mammals ,[ spotted cuscus lemur, numbat anteater]= convergent evolution
starting from a point and radiating to different geographical areas
Darwinian theory/ natural selection[ high rate of reproduction , resources limited= struggle]
hms baegle ship, Alfred Wallace = Malay archipelago,
fit= reproductive fitnes
Herbert Spencer = survival of fittest
darwin 2 key concept ; natural selection , branching descent
theories of evolution
lamark= use and disuse of organ
august weisman= theory of germ plasm, disproved theory of inheritance of acquired character
Hugo de vries
Evolution ; mutation
directionless
large variation
random, sudden
single large step mutation= saltation
experiment on evening primrose
natural selection by anthropogenic action
excess use of antibodies or drugs , herbicides or pesticides result in resistant varieties
hardy Weinberg eqlbm
if the evolution then population will be in eqlbm
sum total of allelic frequency is 1; AA=p2 , Aa=2pq , aa=q2
p2+2pq+q2=1; p+q=1
natural selection 3 types
stabilising , directional, disruptive
genetic drift/ sewall wright effect
accidental change in allelic frequency
founders effect, bottle neck effect
invertebrates evolution
5 mya
jawless fishes
350 mya
plants
320 mya
first true land vertebrate
reptile ,200 mya
water dwelling reptile eg
Ichthyosaurs
Tyrannosaurus
largest dinosaur
early reptile ;
sauraupsid and synapsid
sauraupsid; thecodont - some extinct some modern day reptile such as crocodile , dinosaur , modern birds
synapsid; pelycosaures- extinct , therapsids - modern day mammal
Dinosaur suddenly disappeared
65 mya
human evolution
DRAHEN
15 mya D[more ape like],R [more man like]
3-4 mya man like primates walked in eastern Africa
2 mya , A ate fruit
H- first human like 650-800cc
1.5 mya E , 900 cc , ate meat
N 1400cc 1lakh to 40,000 years back lived in east and central asia
homo sapiens in africa, 75000-10000 year ago
agriculture 10,000 year ago
