evolution

Question 1

origin of universe

Answer 1

20 billion years ago

Question 2

origin of earth

Answer 2

4.5 bya

Question 3

theory of special creation

Answer 3

father saurez
earth 4000yrs

Question 4

origin of life

Answer 4

4 bya

Question 5

theory of catastrophism

Answer 5

cuvior

Question 6

cosmozoic theory of life

Answer 6

life came from other planet

Question 6

theory of spontaneous generation / abiogenesis

Answer 6

life came from dead and decaying matter

Question 7

theory of chemical evolution

Answer 7

oparin [russian] , Haldane [british], first life came from inorganic material

Question 7

Louis pasteur

Answer 7

disproved abiogenesis, life came from pre existing life, swan neck flask experiment

Question 8

miller and Urey exp

Answer 8

WHAM [water, hydrogen, ammonia and methane]
result; AAG[alanine ,aspartic acid, glycine]

Question 9

first non cellular life

Answer 9

3 bya

Question 10

first cellular life

Answer 10

2000 mya

Question 11

first macro molecule

Answer 11

RNA

Question 12

study of fossils

Answer 12

palaeonthological evidence

Question 13

missing link

Answer 13

Archaeopteryx

Question 14

Homologous organ

Answer 14

common origin, common ancestry , divergent evolution
eg; bougainvillea [thorns] cucurbita[tendrils] , forelimbs of vertebrates

Question 15

Analogous organ

Answer 15

not common origin, convergent evolution, not common ancestry
eg; potato sweet potato ,wings of butterfly and birds, eyes of octopus and mammals ,flippers of dolphin and penguin

Question 16

vestigial organ

Answer 16

organ which has no function

Question 17

embryological evidence

Answer 17

ernst hackel
ontogeny recapitulates phylogeny
gill slits [aquatic ancestry]
disproved by karl ernst von baer

Question 18

adaptive radiation

Answer 18

common ancestry
darwin finches[ Galapagos island ], Australian marsupials, placental mammals ,[ spotted cuscus lemur, numbat anteater]= convergent evolution

starting from a point and radiating to different geographical areas

Question 19

Darwinian theory/ natural selection[ high rate of reproduction , resources limited= struggle]

Answer 19

hms baegle ship, Alfred Wallace = Malay archipelago,
fit= reproductive fitnes
Herbert Spencer = survival of fittest
darwin 2 key concept ; natural selection , branching descent

Question 19

theories of evolution

Answer 19

lamark= use and disuse of organ
august weisman= theory of germ plasm, disproved theory of inheritance of acquired character

Question 20

Hugo de vries

Answer 20

Evolution ; mutation
directionless
large variation
random, sudden
single large step mutation= saltation
experiment on evening primrose

Question 21

natural selection by anthropogenic action

Answer 21

excess use of antibodies or drugs , herbicides or pesticides result in resistant varieties

Question 22

hardy Weinberg eqlbm

Answer 22

if the evolution then population will be in eqlbm sum total of allelic frequency is 1; AA=p2 , Aa=2pq , aa=q2 p2+2pq+q2=1; p+q=1

Question 23

natural selection 3 types

Answer 23

stabilising , directional, disruptive

Question 24

genetic drift/ sewall wright effect

Answer 24

accidental change in allelic frequency founders effect, bottle neck effect

Question 25

invertebrates evolution

Answer 25

5 mya

Question 25

jawless fishes

Answer 25

350 mya

Question 26

plants

Answer 26

320 mya

Question 27

first true land vertebrate

Answer 27

reptile ,200 mya

Question 28

water dwelling reptile eg

Answer 28

Ichthyosaurs

Question 29

Tyrannosaurus

Answer 29

largest dinosaur

Answer 30

early reptile ; sauraupsid and synapsid sauraupsid; thecodont - some extinct some modern day reptile such as crocodile , dinosaur , modern birds synapsid; pelycosaures- extinct , therapsids - modern day mammal

Question 31

Dinosaur suddenly disappeared

Answer 31

65 mya

Question 32

human evolution

Answer 32

DRAHEN 15 mya D[more ape like],R [more man like] 3-4 mya man like primates walked in eastern Africa 2 mya , A ate fruit H- first human like 650-800cc 1.5 mya E , 900 cc , ate meat N 1400cc 1lakh to 40,000 years back lived in east and central asia homo sapiens in africa, 75000-10000 year ago agriculture 10,000 year ago