biotech applications Flashcards
totipotency
ability to generate whole new plant from explant
plants that are genetically identical to parent plant are called as
somaclones
tissue culture prepared food plants such as
tomato banana apple
scientist have succeeded in culturing meristems of plants like
banana sugarcane potato
somatic hybridisation
isolated protoplast from two varieties of plant and fused to get hybrid varieties eg; pomato
father of green revolution, world wide
norman e borlaug
father of green revolution, India
ms Swaminathan
genetic modification has made,
crops more tolerant to abiotic stress
pest resistance crops
reduce post harvest loss
increase efficiency of mineral usage by plants
enhance nutritional value of food
beta carotene[ daffodils{ narcissur pseudonarcissus} ] is the precursor of
vitamin A[ night blindness/xerophtalmia]
hirudin,
Anticoagulant
naturally taken from hirudinaria[annelida]
Bacillus thuringenus
cry gene prepared
inactive insecticidal protein[ Bt toxin/ prototoxin]
cry 1 Ab gene specific for
corn borer
bt is produced protein that kill certain insects such as
lepidopterans [ tobacco budworm ,army worm], coleopterans [beetles],dipterans[flies, mosquitoes ]
cry 2 Ab+ cry 1 Ac gene specific for
cotton ballworm
inactive prototoxins are converted to an activated form of toxin due to
alkaline PH of the gut which solubilises the crystal and it create pores that cause cell swelling and lysis
which nematode infects the roots of tobacco plant
meloidegyne incognita
RNAi
takes place in all eukaryotes as a cellular defence . this method involve silencing of mRNA of the nematode due to its dsRNAS that binds to prevent translation
how many recombinant therapeutic have been approved for humans
30 , in india 12
earlier insulin was from
cattle and pig
recombinant insulin manufactured by Eli Lilly on
1983
functional ADA is introduced to lymphocyte using vector
retroviral vector
first clinical gene therapy was given in year, to?
1990 , 4 year old girl [ADA{adenosine deaminase
} deficiency{SCID} ]
for permanent cure ADA should be introduced during
embryo stage
early diagnosis can be done by
PCR , ELISA, recombinant DNA technology
PCR used to detect
HIV in AIDS patient, detect mutations in genes of cancer patients
PROBE
ssRNA/ ssDNA tagged with radioactive molecule
clone having mutated gane will not appear in
photographic film
principle of ELISA
antibody-antigen interaction
95% of transgenic animals are
mice
transgenic model exist for many disease such as
cancer , cystic fibrosis, rheumatoid arthritis ,alzeimers
alpha 1 antitrypsin is the protein used to treat
emphysema
transgenic sheep
tracy
first transgenic cow and gene has
1997,rosie cow, alpha lactalbumin
who makes decisions regarding validity of GM research and safety of introducing GMO for public services
genetic engineering approval committee GEAC
BIOPIRACY
use of bio resources by multinational companies and other organisations without proper authorisation from the countries and the people concerned without compensatory payment
patent done in basmati rice, turmeric , neem
2 lack varieties of rice available and 27 are basmati rice
year in which US took patent of basmati rice
1997
the Indian parliament has recently has cleared the ——– of the Indian patent bill
second amendment
