organisation of the nervous system

Question 1

gross brain anatomy

Answer 1

frontal, parietal, occipital, temporal, cerebellum

Question 2

frontal lobe

Answer 2

front of brain to central gyrus; involved in personality and concious decision making

Question 3

parietal lobe

Answer 3

somatosensory cortex; sensory info from somatic nervous system arrives here

Question 4

occipital lobe

Answer 4

back of head; visual cortex

Question 5

temporal lobe

Answer 5

at each side; primary auditory cortex, personality (fear and anxieties)

Question 6

cerebellum

Answer 6

at base of temporal lobe; balance and fine motor movement

Question 7

brain stem

Answer 7

base of brain

Question 8

gyrus and sulkus

Answer 8

ridges and valleys in cortex to increase surface area to pack in neurones

Question 9

corpus collosum

Answer 9

canyon joining left and right hemispheres

Question 10

pituitary gland

Answer 10

hormone secreting

Question 11

cerebral cortex

Answer 11

outer layer of serebrum; important role in consciousness

Question 12

cranial nerves

Answer 12

Ooh, Ooh, Ooh, to touch and feel very good velvet. Such heaven; olfactory nerve (I), the optic nerve (II), oculomotor nerve (III), trochlear nerve (IV), trigeminal nerve (V), abducens nerve (VI), facial nerve (VII), vestibulocochlear nerve (VIII), glossopharyngeal nerve (IX), vagus nerve (X), accessory nerve (XI), hypoglossal nerve (XII); diagram from slide 12

Question 13

brain protection and blood vessels

Answer 13

3 layers of meninges

Question 14

outer and inner layer

Answer 14

dura mater - very tough

Question 15

innermost layer

Answer 15

pia mater

Question 16

axon

Answer 16

away from cell body; myelin sheath (saltatory conduction), multiple axon terminal

Question 17

dendrites

Answer 17

towards cell body

Question 18

unipolar

Answer 18

rare; 1 single axonal projection from soma

Question 19

bipolar

Answer 19

2 projections from cell body

Question 20

pseudounipolar

Answer 20

1 axonal projection which then divides into 2

Question 21

multipolar

Answer 21

most common; 1 axon, multiple dendrites

Question 22

spinal nerves

Answer 22

afferent and efferent axons

Question 23

what are axons packaged into

Answer 23

fascicles surrounded by perineurium

Question 24

whole nerve encapsulated

Answer 24

tough epineurium capsule

Question 25

baseline voltage for non-excited neurone

Answer 25

-70mV vs outside cell

Question 26

sodium in

Answer 26

reches threshold so depolarisation - more Na+ in

Question 27

action potential voltage

Answer 27

+40mV

Question 28

repolarisation

Answer 28

K+ ions out to restore voltage

Question 29

synpatic transmission

Answer 29

action potential at pre-synaptic terminal, vesicles containing neurotransmitter released into synaptic cleft, bind to postsynaptic receptors and cause new action potential

Question 30

glial cells

Answer 30

50% brain cells; astrocytes, microglia, oligodendrocytes

Question 31

astrocytes

Answer 31

form blood-brain-barrier - prevent stuff in blood entering brain; sense chemicals in blood and shuttle directly to synapses

Question 32

microglia

Answer 32

act as immune cells (phagocytes of brain)

Question 33

oligodendrocytes

Answer 33

called oligodendrocytes in CNS and Schwann cells in PNS; produce myelin sheath