autonomic nervous system

Question 1

what are the two branches of autonomic nervous system

Answer 1

sympathetic and parasympathetic

Question 2

sympathetic function

Answer 2

fight or flight

Question 3

parasympathetic function

Answer 3

rest and digest

Question 4

what does the autonomic nervous system innovate

Answer 4

many visceral and facial organs outside of conscious control

Question 5

where do parasympathetic neurones synapse

Answer 5

both synapse near/in organ

Question 6

where do sympathetic neurones synapse

Answer 6

in ganglia in sympathetic chain then at organ

Question 7

what is the sympathetic neurone exception

Answer 7

sympathetic adrenal which doesn’t pass through ganglia in sympathetic chain

Question 8

where do pre-ganglionic sympathetic neurones emerge

Answer 8

T1-L3 in spinal cord

Question 9

where do pre-ganglionic parasympathetic neurones emerge

Answer 9

S2-S4 in spinal cord and cranial

Question 10

what are the sympathetic innovated structures which are not innovated by parasympathetic

Answer 10

adrenal gland, sweat glands and erector pili muscle

Question 11

why does anatomy differ between sympathetic and parasympathetic neurones

Answer 11

there is a mass response when sympathetic neurones are activated, as it must mobilise energy for increased activity; however there is a discrete and localised response for parasympathetic, so conserves energy

Question 12

what is present in the lateral horn of spinal cord

Answer 12

cell bodies of pre-ganglionic neurones; T1-L2/3 for sympathetic neurones and S2-S4 for parasympathetic neurones

Question 13

what is the function of the ventral roots

Answer 13

motor axons to pass through

Question 14

what are ramus communicans

Answer 14

a nerve which connects two other nerves, connecting spinal nerves to sympathetic chain

Question 15

where are white rami located

Answer 15

only where the intermediolateral cell column is present

Question 16

what is the function of the white rami

Answer 16

carry pre-ganglionic sympathetic nerve fibres from the spinal cord to the sympathetic chain

Question 17

where are grey rami located

Answer 17

every level of the spinal cord

Question 18

what is the function of the grey rami

Answer 18

carry post-ganglionic sympathetic nerve fibres from the sympathetic chain to the visceral organs

Question 19

where do intermediate cell neurones eminate from

Answer 19

intermediolateral cell column (T1-L2)

Question 20

examples of sympathetic response (pupils, heart rate, diameter of bronchioles, gluoce release, sweat production)

Answer 20

dilates pupils, increases heart rate, increases diameter of bronchioles, stimulates glucose release, increases sweat production

Question 21

what is the fight or flight response an example of

Answer 21

extreme stress of sympathetic response, as it is normally in balance with parasympathetic

Question 22

where does the sympathetic nervous system eminate from

Answer 22

spinal cord T1-L3

Question 23

where does the sympathetic nervous system first synapse

Answer 23

sympathetic vertebral ganglia (chain)

Question 24

where does the parasympathetic nervous system eminate from

Answer 24

cranial III, VII, IX, X and sacral splanchnic nerves S2-S4 (none in main section of spinal cord)

Question 25

role of cranial nerve III

Answer 25

pupil constriction

Question 26

role of cranial nerve VII

Answer 26

salivation

Question 27

role of cranial nerve IX

Answer 27

salivation

Question 28

other name for cranial nerve X

Answer 28

vagus nerve (longest nerve)

Question 29

where do pre-sympathetic (CNS to spinal cord)synapse to pre-ganglionic sympathetic neurones

Answer 29

synapse onto cells within ganglia (outside of organs, in sympathetic chain)

Question 30

where are the ganglia in parasympathetic neurones

Answer 30

all within target organ