cells of the nervous system

Question 1

neuroglia function

Answer 1

support cells of nervous system; many and varied functions; essential for correct functioning of neurones

Question 2

neuroglia examples

Answer 2

astroglia, oligodendroglia, microglia, immature progenitors, ependymal cells, Schwann cells, satellite glia

Question 3

astroglia shape

Answer 3

multiprocessed star-like shape; most numerous cell type

Question 4

how do astroglia signal to each other

Answer 4

gap junction

Question 5

2 astroglia cell types

Answer 5

fibrous and protoplasmic

Question 6

examples of fibrous astroglia

Answer 6

in white matter between axon bundles

Question 7

example of protoplasmic astroglia

Answer 7

cerebral cortex

Question 8

what is abundantly present in cytoplasm of fibrous astroglia

Answer 8

intermediate filaments

Question 9

astroglial functions

Answer 9

scaffold for neuronal migration and axon growth during development; formation of blood-brain barrier; transport of substances from blood to neurones; segregation of neuronal processes (synapses); removal of neurotransmitters; synthesis of neurotrophic factors; neuronal-glial and glial neuronal signalling; potassium ion buffering; glial scar formation

Question 10

astrocyte interaction with blood vessels

Answer 10

ordered arrangement with minimal overlap; each cell forms a specific territory that interfaces with microvasculature; act as contact between circulating molecules in blood and neurones

Question 11

why is astrocyte interaction with blood vessels important

Answer 11

glucose transport from blood into astrocyte

Question 12

astrocyte domain

Answer 12

control and occupy own domain but contact one another; myriad of fine processes sample microenvironment and interact with other cell types

Question 13

astrocyte synctium meaning and function

Answer 13

large cytoplasmic mass with multiple nuclei formed by fusion of cells; allow movement of ions allowing spreading of reaction and signalling

Question 14

oligodendroglia structure and sensitivity

Answer 14

small spherical nuclei; few thin processes; prominent ER and Golgi; metabolically highly active; sensitive to oxygen deprivation and undernutrition

Question 15

oligodendroglia function

Answer 15

myelin forming cells of CNS; create and maintain myelin sheath; each cell produces multiple sheaths

Question 16

oligodendroglia location

Answer 16

interfascicular and perineuronal

Question 17

myelin

Answer 17

lipid rich insulating membrane; dark and light bands wrap multiple times around neurone

Question 18

how is myelin attached to oligodendrocyte

Answer 18

by small process

Question 19

diseases caused by loss of myelin production

Answer 19

multiple sclerosis, adrenoleucodysrophy

Question 20

microglia derivation

Answer 20

derived from bone marrow during early development

Question 21

microglia function

Answer 21

resident macrophage population of CNS; involved in immune surveillance; antigen-presenting cells; first cells to react to infection or damage; role in tissue modelling; synaptic stripping

Question 22

microglia activation

Answer 22

resting → activated when detects change → phagocytic when detects debris

Question 23

peripheral glia: Schwann cells function

Answer 23

myelin producing cells of PNS; each Schwann cell produces only one myelin sheath; surround unmyelinated axons; promote axon regeneration