Organisation of the Autonomic Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

What are the sensory inputs to the ANS

A

Stretch receptors
Chemoreceptors
Osmoreceptors

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2
Q

What are the motor outputs in the ANS

A

Smooth Muscle
Cardiac muscle
Secretory glands

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3
Q

Why cant we always be innervated by the sympathetic nervous system

A

Expensive to maintain as a lot of info to brain and blood to skeletal muscle

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4
Q

Where do preganglionic fibres arise from in the Sympathetic division

A

Lateral horn of T1-L2

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5
Q

What is the ratio of lengths of preganglionic fibres to post ganglionic fibres in Sympathetic

A

Short Pre

Long Post

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6
Q

What is the difference between pre ganglionic fibres and post ganglionic fibres

A

Pre

  • Cell body in brain or SC
  • Myelinated axon
  • Synapses in ganglion

Post

  • Cell body in autonomic gangliokn
  • Axons unmyelinated
  • Synapses on target
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7
Q

Where do preganglionic fibres arise in the parasympathetic division

A

Brainstem and sacral cord

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8
Q

Where is the ganglia in the sympathetic division

A

Close to SC = Symphathetic chain

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9
Q

Where is the ganglia in the parasympathetic division

A

Close to target tissue

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10
Q

What is the ratio of lengths of preganglionic fibres to post ganglionic fibres in Parasympathetic

A

Long pre

Short post

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11
Q

Where do sympathetic afferents go through

A

Sympathetic ganglion to DRG on same level

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12
Q

Where do parasympathetic afferents go through

A

Cranial nerve sensory nuclei to DRG to dorsal horn at sacral level

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13
Q

Why is organ pain interpreted as skin pain

A

Visceral and somatic fibres pass through same spinal nerve

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14
Q

What kind of pain is described in afferen fibres

A

Poorly localised and described

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15
Q

What is Horners Syndrome

A

Pressure on sympathetic chain so unopposed parasympathetic supply to face causing miosis, ptosis, red dry skin

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16
Q

Patient presents with enlarged colon due to failure in reflex constriction in gut. Peristaltic wave stops so static faeces movement

A

Hirschspring’s Disease

17
Q

Patient presents with white fingers

A

Raynauds Syndrome = paradoxical constriction of peripheral BV

18
Q

What is the cause of Hirschspring’s disease

A

Congenital absence of ENS neurones in distal colon

19
Q

What is colitis

A

Inflammation of colon due to bacteria

20
Q

What is the treatment for Hirschspring’s disease

A

Colostomy: chop off area of missing neurones