Organisation

Question 1

what is the cell wall made out of?

Answer 1

Cellulose

Question 2

what does the vacuole contain?

Answer 2

Cell sap

Question 3

Name the single

celled organisms which produce the enzymes for bread making

Answer 3

Yeast

Question 4

Where does Amylase work

Answer 4

Amylase works in the Mouth and Small Intestine

Question 5

What is amylase involved in the digestion of

Answer 5

Starch to Glucose

Question 6

Where does lipase work

Answer 6

Small Intestine

Question 7

What is amylase involved in the digestion of

Answer 7

starch into sugars/glucose

Question 8

Where does Protease Work

Answer 8

Small Intestine and Stomach

Question 9

what is protease involved in the digestion of

Answer 9

Proteins into amino acids

Question 10

Which gland produces all enzymes (lipase protease and amylase)

Answer 10

Pancreas

Question 11

Describe the roles of the liver and the pancreas in the digestion
of fats.

Answer 11

The pancreas produces lipase which breaks down fats into fatty acids and glycerol. The liver produces bile which neutralises the acids which gives the most effective pH for the enzyme to work. Bile emulsifies Fats increasing the surface area for lipase.

Question 12

what are enzymes

Answer 12

Enzymes are biological catalysts

Question 13

Explain why enzymes are used in industry.

Answer 13

Brings about reactions at lower temperatures
Lower pressures
less expensive process

Question 14

what do platelets do

Answer 14

platelets clot the blood at the site of the cut

Question 15

a ventricle fills with blood by the contraction of ……

Answer 15

an atrium

Question 16

when a ventricle contracts blood is forced into……

Answer 16

an artery

Question 17

When a ventricle relaxes, the backflow of blood into it is prevented by the closing of

Answer 17

semi lunar valve

Question 18

what is the red pigment found in red blood cells

Answer 18

haemoglobin

Question 19

what is the function of the haemoglobin

Answer 19

carries oxygen from the lungs to the tissues

Question 20

Describe one other way in which the structure of a red blood cell is different from the structure of a white blood cell.

Answer 20

red blood cells have bioconcave discs

Question 21

State the name of the blood vessel that brings blood from the legs to the right side of the heart.

Answer 21

vena cava

Question 22

Suggest two risk factors for coronary heart disease.

Answer 22

Smoking and high fat diet

Question 23

Name the cells which control the size of the stomata

Answer 23

Guard Cells

Question 24

Give one function of stomata.

Answer 24

allows carbon dioxide to enter

Question 25

function of plasma

Answer 25

Transports the products of digestion

Question 26

substances transported by the xylem

Answer 26

Water and Minerals

Question 27

What is translocation

Answer 27

movement of dissolved sugar

Question 28

Explain why translocation is important to plants.

Answer 28

sugars are made in the leaves (therefore) they need to be moved to other parts of the plant for respiration

Question 29

Explain why active transport is necessary in root hair cells

Answer 29

for movement of minerals / ions against their concentration gradient

Question 30

In a double blind drug trial, only some people know which patients have been given the drug. Who knows which patients have been given the drug?

Answer 30

Only scientists at the drug company

Question 31

All enzymes are made of the same type of substance. What is this substance?

Answer 31

protein

Question 32

Name two other substances transported in the blood plasma

Answer 32

``` carbon dioxide water glucose amino acids lactic acid ```

Question 33

Explain why | having more red blood cells per cm3 of blood is an advantage to an athlete

Answer 33

``` more haemoglobin (therefore) more oxygen can be carried / transported (for) more (aerobic) respiration of muscle (cells) ```

Question 34

what two blood vessels carry deoxygenated blood

Answer 34

pulmonary artery | vena cava

Question 35

Compare the structure of an artery with the structure of a vein.

Answer 35

arteries have a thicker layer of muscle arteries have a narrower lumen arteries do not have valves

Question 36

Describe how a student could test cow’s milk to show whether it contains protein and different types of carbohydrate.

Answer 36

Biuret reagent- tests for protein add Biuret reagent to milk solution will turn (from blue) to lilac if positive iodine solution tests for starch add iodine solution to milk solution will turn (from orange / brown) to blue / black if positive Benedict’s reagent tests for sugars add Benedict’s reagent to milk and boil / heat (allow any temperature above 60 °C) solution will turn (from blue) to (brick) red / brown / orange / yellow / green if positive

Question 37

Explain why the indicator | in both tubes became colourless

Answer 37

``` lipase breaks down fat into fatty acids (and glycerol) (and) fatty acids lower the pH (and when) fatty acids cause the pH to be below 10 (the indicator becomes colourless ```

Question 38

examples of diffusion

Answer 38

diffusion of oxygen and glucose into the cells of the body from the bloodstream diffusion of carbon dioxide into plant cells

Question 39

where is amylase produced

Answer 39

salivary glands pancreas small intestine

Question 40

where is protease produced

Answer 40

stomach pancreas small intestine

Question 41

where is lipase produced

Answer 41

pancreas | small intestine

Question 42

The human lungs provide an exchange surface adapted for:

Answer 42

absorbing oxygen – needed for respiration – into the blood from the air transferring carbon dioxide – produced by respiration – from the blood into the lungs then the air

Question 43

Gaseous exchange

Answer 43

The exchange of gases occurs between the alveoli and blood in the capillaries that supply the lungs. Capillaries cover 70% of the outside of alveoli, providing a large surface area for gases to diffuse across.

Question 44

how are the alveoli adapted to provide a very large surface area for gaseous exchange:

Answer 44

small size - each alveolus is a small sphere about 300 μm in diameter, giving it a larger surface area to volume ratio than larger structures number - there are around 700 million alveoli – ie 350 million per lung