BIOENERGETICS Flashcards
Where does photosynthesis take place
takes place in the chloroplasts
is photosynthesis exothermic or endothermic
endothermic- takes in energy
what is the word equation for photosynthesis
carbon dioxide + water —light———– = glucose + oxygen
what is the symbol equation for photosynthesis
6CO2 + 6H2O —LIGHT—-= C6H12O6 + 6O2
what are the ways that plants use glucose
for respiration making cellulose making amino acids stored as oil or fats stored as starch
how do plants use glucose for respiration
this transfers energy from glucose which enables the plants to convert the rest of the glucose into various other useful substances
how do plants use glucose to make celluose
glucose is converted into cellulose for making strong plant cell walls
how do plants use glucose for making amino acids
glucose is combined with nitrate ions to make amino acids which are then made into proteins
how do plants use glucose for storage as oils or fats
glucose is turned into lipids for storing in seeds
how do plants use glucose for storage as starch
glucose is turned into starch and stored in roots, stems and leaves ready for use when photosynthesis isn’t happening like in winter
what are the limiting factors of photosynthesis
light
co2 concentration
temperature
amount of chlorophyll
how do you artificially create an ideal environment for plants to grow
in a greenhouse
what do greenhouses do
greenhouses trap the suns heat and makes sure that the temperature doesn’t become a limiting factor
at night how can farmers ensure plants are still photosynthesising
they use artificial light when the sun goes down
how do farmers increase the level of co2 in a greenhouse
they can use a paraffin heater, as paraffin burs co2 is made as a by product
what is respiration
respiration is the process of transferring energy from glucose which goes on in every cell
is respiration endothermic or exothermic
exothermic- energy is given out
how do organisms use energy transferred by respiration
to build up larger molecules from smaller ones
in animals it is used to allow the muscles to contract
in mammals are birds the energy is used to keep their body temperature steady in colder surroundings
what is metabolism
the rate at which chemical reactions happen in the body
what are the two types of respiration
aerobic and anaerobic
what is aerobic respiration
respiration using oxygen
where does aerobic respiration happen in our cells
mitochondria
what is the word equation for aerobic respiration
glucose + oxygen = carbon dioxide + water
what is the symbol equation for aerobic respiration
C6H12O6 + 6O2= 6CO2 + 6H2O
When is anaerobic respiration used
when there is not enough oxygen
what is the word equation for anaerobic respiration
glucose————– energy + lactic acid
what is the most efficient way to transfer energy from glucose
aerobic respiration
what is the word equation for anaerobic respiration in plant and yeast cells
glucose———– ethanol + carbon dioxide
what is anaerobic respiration in yeast cells called
fermentation
when exercising where do your muscles get energy from to contract
respiration
what happens when you exercise
your breathing rate and breath volume increase to get more oxygen into the blood
your heart rate increases to get this oxygenated blood around the body faster
this removes co2
what happens when you do really vigorous exercise and your body cannot supply oxygen to your muscles quickly enough
they start to respire anaerobically
what does long periods of exercise cause
muscle fatigue
what does anaerobic respiration lead to
oxygen debt and a build up of lactic acid in the muscles
what chemical reactions happen in the body
glucose being turned into starch, cellulose or glycogen
fatty acids and glycerol being turned into lipids
amino acids being turned into proteins
glucose and nitrate ions being forming amino acids
proteins breaking down to form urea
what are amino acids important for
important for building proteins
make up all of our enzymes and hormones these carry out reactions within our body
what are lipids important for
maintaining cell structure and for storing energy
what are the requirements for photosynthesis
water
chlorophyll
carbon dioxide
sunlight
co2 level and water level graph (affect it has on photosynthesis)
rate of photosynthesis increases with percentage increase in carbon dioxide levels/water level
once it reaches a certain point there are other limiting factors. The other limiting factors need to be increased if you want more photosynthesis to take place
light intensity graph
rate of photosynthesis increases with light intensity
until we reach a certain point where light is no longer the limiting factor and other limiting factors need to be increased
there is still a steady rate of photosynthesis when the graph levels off
temperature graph
rate of reaction increases with temperature
until it reaches an optimal temperature
past this optimal temperature enzymes start to get denatured and the rate of photosynthesis falls rapidly
