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chemistry > organics II 5.4 > Flashcards

organics II 5.4 Flashcards

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1
Q

what are alcohols

A

organic molecules

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2
Q

alcohol functional group

A

-OH

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3
Q

1 carbon alcohol

A

methanol

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4
Q

2 carbon alcohol

A

ethanol

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5
Q

3 carbon alcahol

A

propanol

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6
Q

4 carbon alcohol

A

butanol

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7
Q

methanol formula

A

CH3OH

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8
Q

ethanol formula

A

C2H5OH

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9
Q

propanol formula

A

C3H7OH

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10
Q

butanol formula

A

C4H9OH

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11
Q

2 methods of making ethanol

A

hydration of ethene
fermentation of glucose

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12
Q

conditions for hydration of ethene

A

300°C
65 atmospheres
phosphoric acid catalyst

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13
Q

advantages of hydration of ethene

A

makes pure ethanol
can run continuously

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14
Q

disadvantages of hydration of ethene

A

conditions require lots of energy
non-renewable raw material used

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15
Q

hydration of ethene chemical equation

A

C2H4 + H2O –> C2H5OH

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16
Q

conditions for fermentation of glucose

A

yeast (enzymes)
30°C
anaerobic

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17
Q

advantages of fermentation of glucose

A

renewable raw material used
conditions not energy-intensive

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18
Q

disadvantages of fermentation of glucose

A

makes impure ethanol
must be done in individual batches

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19
Q

fermentation of glucose chemical equation

A

C6H12O6 –> 2C2H5OH + 2CO2

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20
Q

how can ethanol be oxidised

A

combustion
microbial oxidation
chemical oxidation

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21
Q

combustion of ethanol equation

A

C2H5OH + 3O2 –> 2CO2 + 2H2O

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22
Q

carboxylic acid functional group

A

-COOH

23
Q

one carbon carboxylic acid

A

methanol acid

24
Q

two carbon carboxylic acid

A

ethanoic acid

25
Q

three carbon carboxylic acid

A

propanoic acid

26
Q

four carbon carboxylic acid

A

butanoic acid

27
Q

methanoic acid formula

A

HCOOH

28
Q

ethanoic acid formula

A

CH3COOH

29
Q

propanoic acid formula

A

C2H5COOH

30
Q

butanoic acid formula

A

C3H7COOH

31
Q

what is vinegar

A

aqueous solution of ethnic acid

32
Q

how do carboxylic acids react with metal

A

forms salt + hydrogen

33
Q

observations carboxylic acid and metal reaction

A

effervescence
solid disappears

34
Q

what is the name for a carboxylic acid salt

A

-oate

35
Q

how do carboxylic acids react with metal carbonate

A

forms salt, water and carbon dioxide

36
Q

observations in carboxylic acid and metal carbonate reaction

A

effervescence
solid disappears

37
Q

what is an ester

A

carboxylic acid and alcohol join together by losing an H2O molecule

38
Q

what do carboxylic acids lose when forming esters

A

OH

39
Q

what do alcohols lose when forming esters

A

H

40
Q

what is the ester functional group

A

-COO-

41
Q

carboxylic acid + alcohol –>

A

ester + water

42
Q

how to name an ester

A

alcohol (yl), acid (oate)

43
Q

how to make an ester

A
  1. mix the carboxylic acid and alcohol together
  2. add drops of concentrated sulphuric acid (catalyst)
  3. warm in a water bath
  4. tip the mixture into sodium carbonate solution, neutralises the sulphuric acid catalyst
44
Q

ester characteristics

A

volatile compounds
distinctive smells

45
Q

what is a polyester

A

polymer made of lots of molecules joined together in a chain by ester groups

46
Q

what types of monomers make a polymer

A

dicarboxylic acid
diol

47
Q

how do monomers form a polymer

A

join into a very long alternating chain

48
Q

what is condensation polymerisation

A

each time a monomer joins the end of the chain, an H2O molecule is lost

49
Q

dicarboxylic acid

A

has -COOH at both ends

50
Q

diol

A

as -OH at both ends

51
Q

what are biopolyesters

A

biodegradable polyesters

52
Q

how are biopolyesters broken down

A

microbes such as bacteria and fungi use enzymes to break down the polymer into its monomers and use them as an energy supply

53
Q

why are biopolyesters good

A

reduces reliance on landfill and incineration to dispose of polyesters

chemistry (17 decks)

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