organics II 5.4

Question 1

what are alcohols

Answer 1

organic molecules

Question 2

alcohol functional group

Answer 2

-OH

Question 3

1 carbon alcohol

Answer 3

methanol

Question 4

2 carbon alcohol

Answer 4

ethanol

Question 5

3 carbon alcahol

Answer 5

propanol

Question 6

4 carbon alcohol

Answer 6

butanol

Question 7

methanol formula

Answer 7

CH3OH

Question 8

ethanol formula

Answer 8

C2H5OH

Question 9

propanol formula

Answer 9

C3H7OH

Question 10

butanol formula

Answer 10

C4H9OH

Question 11

2 methods of making ethanol

Answer 11

hydration of ethene
fermentation of glucose

Question 12

conditions for hydration of ethene

Answer 12

300°C
65 atmospheres
phosphoric acid catalyst

Question 13

advantages of hydration of ethene

Answer 13

makes pure ethanol
can run continuously

Question 14

disadvantages of hydration of ethene

Answer 14

conditions require lots of energy
non-renewable raw material used

Question 15

hydration of ethene chemical equation

Answer 15

C2H4 + H2O –> C2H5OH

Question 16

conditions for fermentation of glucose

Answer 16

yeast (enzymes)
30°C
anaerobic

Question 17

advantages of fermentation of glucose

Answer 17

renewable raw material used
conditions not energy-intensive

Question 18

disadvantages of fermentation of glucose

Answer 18

makes impure ethanol
must be done in individual batches

Question 19

fermentation of glucose chemical equation

Answer 19

C6H12O6 –> 2C2H5OH + 2CO2

Question 20

how can ethanol be oxidised

Answer 20

combustion
microbial oxidation
chemical oxidation

Question 21

combustion of ethanol equation

Answer 21

C2H5OH + 3O2 –> 2CO2 + 2H2O

Question 22

carboxylic acid functional group

Answer 22

-COOH

Question 23

one carbon carboxylic acid

Answer 23

methanol acid

Question 24

two carbon carboxylic acid

Answer 24

ethanoic acid

Question 25

three carbon carboxylic acid

Answer 25

propanoic acid

Question 26

four carbon carboxylic acid

Answer 26

butanoic acid

Question 27

methanoic acid formula

Answer 27

HCOOH

Question 28

ethanoic acid formula

Answer 28

CH3COOH

Question 29

propanoic acid formula

Answer 29

C2H5COOH

Question 30

butanoic acid formula

Answer 30

C3H7COOH

Question 31

what is vinegar

Answer 31

aqueous solution of ethnic acid

Question 32

how do carboxylic acids react with metal

Answer 32

forms salt + hydrogen

Question 33

observations carboxylic acid and metal reaction

Answer 33

effervescence solid disappears

Question 34

what is the name for a carboxylic acid salt

Answer 34

-oate

Question 35

how do carboxylic acids react with metal carbonate

Answer 35

forms salt, water and carbon dioxide

Question 36

observations in carboxylic acid and metal carbonate reaction

Answer 36

effervescence solid disappears

Question 37

what is an ester

Answer 37

carboxylic acid and alcohol join together by losing an H2O molecule

Question 38

what do carboxylic acids lose when forming esters

Answer 38

OH

Question 39

what do alcohols lose when forming esters

Answer 39

H

Question 40

what is the ester functional group

Answer 40

-COO-

Question 41

carboxylic acid + alcohol -->

Answer 41

ester + water

Question 42

how to name an ester

Answer 42

alcohol (yl), acid (oate)

Question 43

how to make an ester

Answer 43

1. mix the carboxylic acid and alcohol together 2. add drops of concentrated sulphuric acid (catalyst) 3. warm in a water bath 4. tip the mixture into sodium carbonate solution, neutralises the sulphuric acid catalyst

Question 44

ester characteristics

Answer 44

volatile compounds distinctive smells

Question 45

what is a polyester

Answer 45

polymer made of lots of molecules joined together in a chain by ester groups

Question 46

what types of monomers make a polymer

Answer 46

dicarboxylic acid diol

Question 47

how do monomers form a polymer

Answer 47

join into a very long alternating chain

Question 48

what is condensation polymerisation

Answer 48

each time a monomer joins the end of the chain, an H2O molecule is lost

Question 49

dicarboxylic acid

Answer 49

has -COOH at both ends

Question 50

diol

Answer 50

as -OH at both ends

Question 51

what are biopolyesters

Answer 51

biodegradable polyesters

Question 52

how are biopolyesters broken down

Answer 52

microbes such as bacteria and fungi use enzymes to break down the polymer into its monomers and use them as an energy supply

Question 53

why are biopolyesters good

Answer 53

reduces reliance on landfill and incineration to dispose of polyesters