making salts 5.3 Flashcards
acid + base –>
salt + water
methods to make the slat solution
insoluble base method
titration method
how to make dry crystals of a soluble salt
make the salt solution
crystallise the salt
when is the insoluble base method used
when making salts that do not contain sodium, potassium or ammonium ions
which acids are used in the insoluble base method
hydrochloric, sulfuric or nitric
which base is used in the insoluble base method
solid metal oxide or solid metal carbonate
insoluble base method steps
- heat the acid
- while stirring, add base until no more will dissolve
-filter out the excess base
why do you add the base until no more will dissolve
guarantees the base is in excess so that we know all the acid has been used up
when is the titration method used
when making salts that contain sodium, potassium of ammonium ions
which acid is used in the titration method
hydrochloric sulfuric or nitric
which alkali is used in the titration method
sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide or ammonium hydroxide
titration method steps
- perform a titration to measure the volumes needed to neutralise each other
- repeat titration, without indicator, using the burette to add exact vol. for neutralisation, forming a salt
crystallisation steps (4 steps)
- heat salt solution until crystals start forming
-allow the solution to cool in an evaporating basin for a few days - filter out the crystals
- dry the crystals by dabbing them with filter paper
what is a precipitate
an insoluble solid that forms inside a solution
how to make insoluble salts
by mixing solutions to make a precipitate
