organics I 4.5 Flashcards
what is crude oil
mixture of hydrocarbons
what happens to the colour of the fractions as the boiling point increases
darker
what happens to the viscosity of the fractions as the boiling point increases
become more viscous
how many fractions are there
6
what are fractions lowest bp - highest
refinery gases
gasoline
kerosene
diesel
fuel oil
bitumen
how does the molecular mass change as the boiling point increases
increases
use of refinery gases
fuel for home cooking
use of gasoline
fuel for cars
use of kerosene
fuel for aircraft
use of diesel
fuel for trains
use of fuel oil
fuel for ships
use of bitumen
making roads
how are fractions separated
fractional distillation
how does fractional distillation work
- heated crude oil vapours enter the column
- vapours rise until they reach their boiling point, when they condense
- different vapours condense at different heights due to their different boiling points
- similar vapours condense together as a fraction
how does temperature vary in the distillation column
the bottom is hot and the top is cooler
alkanes general formula
CnH2n+2
what are alkanes made from
simple molecules containing C and H atoms held together by covalent bonds
alkane 1 carbon name
methane
alkane 2 carbon name
ethane
alkane 3 carbon name
propane
alkane 4 carbon name
butane
alkane 5 carbon name
pentane
what is display formula
a diagram showing the position of every atom and every bond
what is structural formula
shows the structure of the molecule in one line