acids 3.4 Flashcards
ph less than 7
acid
ph more than 7
alkali
methyl orange
acid - red
neutral - yellow
alkali - yellow
phenolphthalein
acid - colourless
neutral - colourless
alkali - pink
red litmus paper
acid - red
neutral - red
alkali - blue
blue litmus paper
acid - red
neutral -blue
alkali - blue
% nitrogen in the air
78%
% oxygen in air
21%
% argon in air
0.96%
% carbon dioxide in air
0.04%
4 most abundant gases in the air
nitrogen
oxygen
argon
carbon dioxide
how to measure the % of oxygen in the air
react it with a metal, the air will gradually decrease in volume until all of the oxygen has been added to the metal. Then calculate the decrease in volume of air and divide it by the initial vol
what is element combustion
when an element reacts with oxygen to produce an oxide
name and state of oxide - metal
metal oxide, solid
name and state of oxide - non metal
non-metal dioxide, gas
magnesium and oxygen combustion
2Mg + O2 -> 2MgO
bright white light and white powder formed
sulphur and oxygen combustion
S + O2 -> SO2
blue flame
hydrogen and oxygen combustion
2H2 + O2 -> 2H2O
squeaky pop
test for oxygen
glowing splint relights
what happens when you dissolve a metal oxide in water
alkaline solution
what happens when you dissolve a non-metal dioxide in water
acidic solution
how to determine whether an unknown element is metal or non-metal
-combust in oxygen
-dissolve the oxide formed
-check the pH of the solution with an indicator
acid + base
salt + water
observation in an acid + base reaction
base disappears, as it is used up in the reaction
how to make salt crystals
-add excess base to a hot acid (makes the salt solution quickly and uses all of the acid up
-filter out the excess base, collect the salt solution (filtrate) in an evaporating base
-heat the salt solution until crystals form around the edge
-evaporation of water allows crystals o form
acid + carbonate
salt + water + carbon dioxide
observations in an acid + carbonate reaction
-carbonate disappears, it is used up in the reaction
-there is fizzing, because CO2 is produced
test for carbon dioxide
limewater turn cloudy when CO2 is present
what is an acid
H+ donor
proton donor
what is a base
proton acceptor
what is an alkali
soluble base
OH- donor