metals 3.5 Flashcards

1
Q

component of a metal

A

lattice of positive metal ions
sea of delocalised electrons

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2
Q

what is metallic bonding

A

the electrostatic attraction between the positive metal ions and the negative delocalised electrons

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3
Q

strength of metallic bonding

A

very strong attraction

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4
Q

properties of metals

A

high mtp
conduct electricity
malleable

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5
Q

what is thermal decomposition

A

when heat energy is used to break down a substance

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6
Q

what do metal carbonates thermally decompose to form

A

metal oxides and carbon dioxide

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7
Q

thermal decomposition of copper carbonate colour change

A

green –> black

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8
Q

metal reactivity series lowest - highest

A

gold
silver
copper
hydrogen
lead
iron
zinc
carbon
aluminium
magnesium
calcium
lithium
sodium
potassium

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9
Q

metal and water –>

A

metal hydroxide + hydrogen

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10
Q

observations in metal + water reaction

A

effervescence
solid disappears

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11
Q

observations of group 1 metals + water

A

solid floats
effervescence
solid moves
solid disappears

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12
Q

why does universal indicator turn the water blue after a metal + water reaction

A

the metal hydroxides are alkalis because they donate OH-

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13
Q

metal + steam –>

A

metal oxide + hydrogen

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14
Q

acid + metal –>

A

salt + hydrogen

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15
Q

why is salt formed in an acid + metal reaction

A

hydrogen is displaced from an acid

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16
Q

observations in acid + metal reaction

A

metal disappears
fizzing

17
Q

chemical test for hydrogen

A

lint splint produces a squeaky pop

18
Q

what is a displacement reaction

A

more reactive metals can displace less reactive metals from their compounds

19
Q

observations for a displacement reaction

A

solid colour change
solution colour change

20
Q

where are most metals found

A

in the earth’s crust as compounds with oxygen and sulphur

21
Q

what are the native metals

A

gold and silver

22
Q

what are native metals

A

too unreactive to have combined with oxygen and sulphur

23
Q

methods of extraction from ores

A

electrolysis
carbon extraction

24
Q

what is carbon extraction

A

metals less reactive than carbon can be displaced by carbon

25
what is a redox reaction
using carbon to displace a metal from its oxide
26
reduction
loss of oxygen
27
reducing agent
takes oxygen away from something else
28
oxidation
gain of oxygen
29
oxidising agent
gives oxygen to something else
30
what is rusting
iron is oxidised to form rust
31
chemical name for rust
hydrated iron (III) oxide
32
what substances does rusting require
oxygen and water
33
how can rusting be prevented
barrier methods sacrificial protection galvanising
34
what are barrier methods
coating iron in paint, oil, grease or plastic prevents the iron coming into contact with water or oxygen
35
what is sacrificial protection
attach a block of a more reactive metal to the iron, displacing the iron from rust as soon as it forms
36
what is galvanising
coating the iron in zinc, coating + sacrificial protection
37
what are alloys
mixture of a metal with one or more other elements, usually metals or carbon
38
why are alloys different to pure metals
they are harder than pure metals because the different sized atoms prevent the layers of metal ions form sling over each other, less malleable
39
what is steel composed of
iron with small quantities of carbon