metals 3.5

Question 1

component of a metal

Answer 1

lattice of positive metal ions
sea of delocalised electrons

Question 2

what is metallic bonding

Answer 2

the electrostatic attraction between the positive metal ions and the negative delocalised electrons

Question 3

strength of metallic bonding

Answer 3

very strong attraction

Question 4

properties of metals

Answer 4

high mtp
conduct electricity
malleable

Question 5

what is thermal decomposition

Answer 5

when heat energy is used to break down a substance

Question 6

what do metal carbonates thermally decompose to form

Answer 6

metal oxides and carbon dioxide

Question 7

thermal decomposition of copper carbonate colour change

Answer 7

green –> black

Question 8

metal reactivity series lowest - highest

Answer 8

gold
silver
copper
hydrogen
lead
iron
zinc
carbon
aluminium
magnesium
calcium
lithium
sodium
potassium

Question 9

metal and water –>

Answer 9

metal hydroxide + hydrogen

Question 10

observations in metal + water reaction

Answer 10

effervescence
solid disappears

Question 11

observations of group 1 metals + water

Answer 11

solid floats
effervescence
solid moves
solid disappears

Question 12

why does universal indicator turn the water blue after a metal + water reaction

Answer 12

the metal hydroxides are alkalis because they donate OH-

Question 13

metal + steam –>

Answer 13

metal oxide + hydrogen

Question 14

acid + metal –>

Answer 14

salt + hydrogen

Question 15

why is salt formed in an acid + metal reaction

Answer 15

hydrogen is displaced from an acid

Question 16

observations in acid + metal reaction

Answer 16

metal disappears
fizzing

Question 17

chemical test for hydrogen

Answer 17

lint splint produces a squeaky pop

Question 18

what is a displacement reaction

Answer 18

more reactive metals can displace less reactive metals from their compounds

Question 19

observations for a displacement reaction

Answer 19

solid colour change
solution colour change

Question 20

where are most metals found

Answer 20

in the earth’s crust as compounds with oxygen and sulphur

Question 21

what are the native metals

Answer 21

gold and silver

Question 22

what are native metals

Answer 22

too unreactive to have combined with oxygen and sulphur

Question 23

methods of extraction from ores

Answer 23

electrolysis
carbon extraction

Question 24

what is carbon extraction

Answer 24

metals less reactive than carbon can be displaced by carbon

Question 25

what is a redox reaction

Answer 25

using carbon to displace a metal from its oxide

Question 26

reduction

Answer 26

loss of oxygen

Question 27

reducing agent

Answer 27

takes oxygen away from something else

Question 28

oxidation

Answer 28

gain of oxygen

Question 29

oxidising agent

Answer 29

gives oxygen to something else

Question 30

what is rusting

Answer 30

iron is oxidised to form rust

Question 31

chemical name for rust

Answer 31

hydrated iron (III) oxide

Question 32

what substances does rusting require

Answer 32

oxygen and water

Question 33

how can rusting be prevented

Answer 33

barrier methods
sacrificial protection
galvanising

Question 34

what are barrier methods

Answer 34

coating iron in paint, oil, grease or plastic prevents the iron coming into contact with water or oxygen

Question 35

what is sacrificial protection

Answer 35

attach a block of a more reactive metal to the iron, displacing the iron from rust as soon as it forms

Question 36

what is galvanising

Answer 36

coating the iron in zinc, coating + sacrificial protection

Question 37

what are alloys

Answer 37

mixture of a metal with one or more other elements, usually metals or carbon

Question 38

why are alloys different to pure metals

Answer 38

they are harder than pure metals because the different sized atoms prevent the layers of metal ions form sling over each other, less malleable

Question 39

what is steel composed of

Answer 39

iron with small quantities of carbon