Organic PAG

Question 1

How to make tollens reagent

Answer 1

Remember tollens reagent is silver nitrate with aqueous ammonia

1) add some silver nitrate in a test tube
2) add aqeuous NaOh drop by drop until a browm PRECIPATE is formed
3) then add ammonia drop by drop until this dissolves to form a colourless solution

This is tollens reagent

Question 2

How to differentiate between separate aldehydes or ketones etc, after we identified that they are by using 2 4 DNP

3 STEPS IMPORTANT

Answer 2

1) filter the orange PRECIPATE made from solution
2) recrystallise the solid to form pure sample of crystals, removing impurities
3) now take sample and use melting point machine to determine it

Compare it against a list of database whatever to find the specific ketone etc

Question 3

How to do esterifsitiom in lab

Answer 3

1) add alchol + carbox + catlsydt , heat
2) the. Once done neutilise using Na2Co3 , to remove excess acid
3) should now smell fruit, which is typical of an ester