Organic molecule characteristics Flashcards
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What is a monosaccharide?
A molecule with a low number of carbon atoms
What is a pentose?
A 5 carbon sugar
What is a hexose?
A 6 carbon sugar
What is an example of a hexose?
Fructose, glucose
What is a disaccharide?
Two monosaccharides that combine through dehydration
What is sucrose composed of?
Glucose and fructose
What is maltose composed of?
Two glucose molecules
Is starch longer than glycogen?
No
Where is cellulose found?
Plant cell walls
How do fats and oils form?
Glycerol + 3 fatty acids (also called triglyceride)
How does emulsification work?
The emulsifier (molecule with polar and non-polar end) combines with the fat and makes the polar end face out, which allows the water to dissolve the fat
How is fat emulsified in the body?
Bile
What is a fatty acid?
It is a carboxyl chain that ends with -COOH
What is trans fat?
It is fat that results from the addition of hydrogen to vegetable oils (hydrogenation) that causes the oils to solidify
What are phospholipids known for?
Forming plasma membranes
What is the difference between a phospholipid and a lipid?
A phospholipid has a phosphate group
What is the backbone of a steroid?
Four fused carbon rings
What is an example of a steroid?
Cholesterol, which is found in plasma membranes
What is a polypeptide?
A chain of amino acids joined by peptide bonds
What are the parts of an amino acid?
1) Central C bonded to an H
2) Amine group (NH4)
3) -COOH
4) R group (varies)
What is the primary structure?
It is a linear sequence of amino acids joined by peptide bonds
What are the two types of secondary structure?
Beta pleated sheet and alpha helix
Where is tertiary structure found?
Muscles
Where is quaternary structure found?
Hemoglobin, most enzymes
