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Biology 12 > Organic molecule characteristics > Flashcards

Organic molecule characteristics Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a monosaccharide?

A

A molecule with a low number of carbon atoms

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2
Q

What is a pentose?

A

A 5 carbon sugar

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3
Q

What is a hexose?

A

A 6 carbon sugar

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4
Q

What is an example of a hexose?

A

Fructose, glucose

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5
Q

What is a disaccharide?

A

Two monosaccharides that combine through dehydration

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6
Q

What is sucrose composed of?

A

Glucose and fructose

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7
Q

What is maltose composed of?

A

Two glucose molecules

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8
Q

Is starch longer than glycogen?

A

No

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9
Q

Where is cellulose found?

A

Plant cell walls

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10
Q

How do fats and oils form?

A

Glycerol + 3 fatty acids (also called triglyceride)

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11
Q

How does emulsification work?

A

The emulsifier (molecule with polar and non-polar end) combines with the fat and makes the polar end face out, which allows the water to dissolve the fat

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12
Q

How is fat emulsified in the body?

A

Bile

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13
Q

What is a fatty acid?

A

It is a carboxyl chain that ends with -COOH

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14
Q

What is trans fat?

A

It is fat that results from the addition of hydrogen to vegetable oils (hydrogenation) that causes the oils to solidify

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15
Q

What are phospholipids known for?

A

Forming plasma membranes

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16
Q

What is the difference between a phospholipid and a lipid?

A

A phospholipid has a phosphate group

17
Q

What is the backbone of a steroid?

A

Four fused carbon rings

18
Q

What is an example of a steroid?

A

Cholesterol, which is found in plasma membranes

19
Q

What is a polypeptide?

A

A chain of amino acids joined by peptide bonds

20
Q

What are the parts of an amino acid?

A

1) Central C bonded to an H
2) Amine group (NH4)
3) -COOH
4) R group (varies)

21
Q

What is the primary structure?

A

It is a linear sequence of amino acids joined by peptide bonds

22
Q

What are the two types of secondary structure?

A

Beta pleated sheet and alpha helix

23
Q

Where is tertiary structure found?

A

Muscles

24
Q

Where is quaternary structure found?

A

Hemoglobin, most enzymes

25
Q

What is denaturation?

A

Irreversible change in protein shape caused by exposure to extremes in heat and pH

26
Q

What is the difference in RNA and DNA bases?

A

In RNA, uracil replaces thymine

27
Q

What is the structure of a nucleotide?

A

Phosphate, pentose sugar, and nitrogen base

Biology 12 (7 decks)

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