Digestive System Flashcards
Why can blood show through the lips?
They are poorly keratinized
How does taste work?
Taste buds are activated by food, and send nerve impulses to the brain through cranial nerves
What are the two parts of the mouth?
Anterior hard palate and posterior soft palate
What is the hard palate of the mouth made of?
Muscle and bone
What is the soft palate of the mouth made of?
Muscle
What does the soft palate end in?
The uvula
What do the tonsils do?
Protect against infection
What are the nasopharynx tonsils called?
Adenoids
Where are the three pairs of salivary glands located?
1) Sides of the face 2) Beneath the tongue 3) Beneath the floor of the mouth
What does salivary amylase do?
It digests starches
How many baby teeth are there?
20
How many adult teeth are there?
32
What are the two parts of the tooth?
Crown and root
What is enamel made out of?
Dentin (bonelike material) Pulp (nerves and blood vessels)
What causes tooth decay?
Bacteria in the mouth that metabolize sugar and give off acids, which erode teeth
What is bolus?
The mixture of food and saliva that the tongue creates in preparation for swallowing
What is the pharynx?
It is the region that receives air and food
What happens during swallowing?
1) Soft palate moves back and closes off nasopharynx 2) Trachea moves up under epiglottis to cover glottis
What is peristalsis?
It is the contraction that pushes food along the digestive tract
What are sphincters?
The muscles that encircle and act as valves for tubes
What are rugae?
Folds in the stomach wall
What is typically the maximum capacity for the stomach?
4L
What is food called when it leaves the stomach?
Chyme
What are the first 25 cm of the small intestine called?
The duodenum
