Chapter 4 Flashcards
Name the 7 parts of the membrane
1) Phospholipid bilayer
2) Glycoprotein
3) Glycolipid
4) Peripheral protein
5) Integral protein
6) Carbohydrate chain
7) Cholesterol
8) Hydrophilic head
9) Hydrophobic tail
10) Cytoskeleton
What causes the mosaic pattern in the plasma membrane?
Proteins scattered and embedded throughout the protein
What is the function of cholesterol in the membrane?
It stiffens and strengthens the membrane
What are the different types of membranous proteins?
Channel, carrier, receptor, cell recognition, enzymatic
What do channel proteins do?
They allow specific molecules to pass the plasma membrane
What do carrier proteins do?
They interact with and push a molecule through the plasma membrane
What do cell recognition proteins do?
They let the body know when it is being attacked by viruses
What do enzymatic proteins do?
They directly carry out metabolic functions such as digestion
What do receptor proteins do?
They allow specific molecules, such as growth hormone, to bind to them
What is differential permeability?
It means that some molecules can pass through and others cannot
What kind of molecules can freely pass the membrane?
Small, noncharged molecules like water
What is the concentration gradient?
It states that molecules move from areas where their concentration is high to areas where their concentration is low
How do large and charged molecules pass through the membrane?
Through channel proteins, carrier proteins, and vesicle formation (exo + endocytosis)
What is diffusion?
It is the movement of molecules from a high to low concentration until an isotonic state is achieved
What are the three “tonics?”
Isotonic, hypertonic, hypotonic
What factors can influence the rate of diffusion?
Temperature, pressure, molecular size
What is osmosis?
The diffusion of water across a membrane
What is osmotic pressure?
It is the pressure created in a system due to osmosis
What is cytolysis?
The bursting of the cell due to being placed in a hypotonic solution
What is turgor pressure?
It is the pressure of the plant cell swelling and pushing up against the cell wall, which does not burst
What is crenation?
It is the shrivelling of a cell in a hypertonic solution
What is plasmolysis?
It is the shrivelling of the cell cytoplasm due to osmosis
What is facilitated transport?
It is transport along the concentration gradient that does not require ATP
What is active transport?
It is transport against the concentration gradient that requires ATP
