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Biology 12 > Chapter 3 > Flashcards

Chapter 3 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

A

Prokaryotic cells do not contain membrane bound organelles. Most importantly, they do not contain a membrane bound nucleus

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2
Q

Why are cells so small?

A

They are more efficient - a large cell both requires more nutrients and has a worse surface area to volume ratio, which means that it will take longer for nutrients and other things to travel around the cell

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3
Q

What does cell theory state?

A

It states that

1) All organisms are composed of one of more cells
2) All cells come from other cells

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4
Q

How small can cells be?

A

They can be as small as 1 micrometer , but are usually between 10 and 100 micrometers

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5
Q

What does the cell membrane do?

A

It regulates the entrance and exit of molecules into and out of the cell

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6
Q

What are the three layers that protect bacteria cells?

A

The cell wall, the capsule, the plasma membrane

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7
Q

What is the organelle that some bacteria have that helps then attach to surfaces?

A

The fimbriae, which are hairlike bristles

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8
Q

What is the flagellum?

A

It is a long, rotating filament that helps the cell move

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9
Q

What is a prokaryotic nucleoid?

A

It is a single loop of chromosome that is not bound by membrane

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10
Q

What do ribosomes do?

A

They synthesize DNA

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11
Q

What does the cell wall do?

A

It is a permeable but protective layer that protects the cell

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12
Q

What kind of cell only contains chloroplasts?

A

The plant cell

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13
Q

What kind of cell only contains centrioles?

A

The animal cell

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14
Q

What does the nucleus do?

A

It stores DNA, which helps govern the cell

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15
Q

What is chromatin?

A

It is stored in DNA and unravels to form chromosomes during cell division

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16
Q

What does the nucleoplasm do?

A

It is a substance in the nucleus that chromatin is immersed in

17
Q

What does the nucleolus do?

A

It produces rRNA (ribosomal RNA). It also provides the site for rRNA to join with proteins to form ribosomes

18
Q

What is the nuclear envelope?

A

It is a double membrane that separates the nuclear from the rest of the cell

19
Q

What are nuclear pores?

A

They are holes that are around 100nm that permit proteins to pass into the nucleus and ribosomes from the nucleolus to pass out

20
Q

What is the advantage of a light microscope?

A

You can observe living cells and organisms

20
Q

What is the advantage of a scanning electron microscope?

A

They can provide a more detailed surface view of an organism

22
Q

What is the advantage of a transmitting electron microscope?

A

You can get a detailed view of the inside of a cell

23
Q

What do ribosomes do?

A

They synthesize proteins

24
Q

What does the Rough ER do?

A

It contains ribosomes that synthesize proteins. The proteins then enter the ER, where it processed and modifies and transports proteins

25
Q

What are the two functions of the Smooth ER?

A

It synthesizes lipids and detoxifies things

26
Q

What does the golgi body do?

A

It modifies and sorts and packages proteins in vesicles

27
Q

What is the nice thing about the endomembrane system?

A

All the parts of the system can use a nice membrane to carry proteins around

28
Q

What do lysosomes do?

A

They break down things inside the cell

29
Q

What is a vacuole? What is a vesicle?

A

It is a big vesicle that stores things; it is a small vacuole that stores things

30
Q

What is a peroxisome?

A

It generally breaks down fats and the byproduct is hydrogen peroxide

31
Q

What do chloroplasts do? What is the process of photosynthesis?

A

Choloroplasts perform photosynthesis, which is ATP + CO2 + Water –> Carbohydrate + Oxygen

32
Q

What do mitochondria do? What is the process of cellular respiration?

A

Mitochondria give the cell energy through cellular respiration, which is Carbohydrate + Oxygen –> CO2 + Water + ATP

Biology 12 (7 decks)

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