Organic Chemistry in Anatomy

Question 1

Monosaccharides

Answer 1

the building blocks of carbohydrates

Question 2

isomers

Answer 2

glucose, fructose, and galactose. They have the same number and types of atoms, but differ in their three dimensional arrangement.

Question 3

Disaccharides

Answer 3

sucrose, lactose, maltose. Two monosaccharides bound together by a dehydration reaction.

Question 4

Polysaccharides

Answer 4

glycogen, starch, cellulose. Long chains of monosaccharides.

Question 5

Lipids

Answer 5

Relatively insoluble molecules.
1) provide protection and insulation
2) help regulate many physiological processes
3) form plasma membranes
4) act as major energy-storage molecules

Question 6

fats

Answer 6

major lipids that can be stored in adipose tissue for later use.

Question 7

Triglycerides. 2 types.

Answer 7

the fats that make up 95% of the fats in human body
1) Glycerol
2) Fatty acids

Question 8

Saturated fat

Answer 8

A fatty acid that contains only single covalent bonds between the carbon and hydrogen atoms.

Question 9

unsaturated fat

Answer 9

A fatty acid whose chain with one or more double covalent bonds, which produces a kink in the chain, and keeps them liquid at room temperature.

Question 10

steroids

Answer 10

lipids that have four ring-like structures

Question 11

cholesterol

Answer 11

a steroid that serves as the starting point for other steroid molecules.

Question 12

Lipase protease

Answer 12

The enzyme that breaks down proteins

Question 13

nucleotides and their building blocks (3)

Answer 13

the basic building blocks of DNA and RNA
1) a monosaccharide
2) nitrogenous base
3) a phosphate group