Basic terminology Flashcards
Anatomy
The scientific study that investigates the body’s structures.
Gross Anatomy
the study of structures that can be examined without the aid of a microscope
Regional Anatomy
studying the human body by location (hardest)
systemic anatomy
studying the human body through its systems (easiest)
surface anatomy
looking only at the exterior of the body to visualize the structures deeper inside the body
Physiology
the scientific investigation of the processes or functions of living things
cytology
the study of the structural features of cells
histology
the study of the tissues
Cell physiology
the study of the processes that occur within the cells
systemic physiology
the study of the functions of the organ systems
Pathology
the medical science dealing with the study of diseases
Exercise physiology
The study of the changes in function and structure caused by exercise
Why it’s important to not just study humans.
Bacteria and other mammals are very similar to humans in developing medicines and practicing surgical procedures.
Chemical level
The first level of organization. Studying how atoms form molecules, and how they interact within the body.
Cell Level
The second level of organization, studying the basic structural and functional units of all living organisms.
organelles
the structures inside the cells
Tissue Level
The third level of organization. Groups of cells combine to form this level.
Organ Level
The fourth level of organization. Two or more types of tissues combine to form these structures that perform one or more common functions.
Organ System Level
The fifth level of organization. Multiple organs combine to form this system, which together perform a common function.
Organism Level
The sixth level of organization. Any living thing considered as a whole.
Integumentary System (4 functions)
1) Provides protection
2) Regulates temperature
3) Prevents water loss
4) Helps produce Vitamin D.
Skeletal System (4 functions)
1) Provides protection and support
2) Allows body movements
3) Produces blood cells
4) Stores minerals and adipose.
Muscular System (3 functions)
1) Produces body movements
2) Maintains posture
3) Produces body heat.
Lymphatic System (4 functions)
1) Removes foreign substances from the blood and lymph
2) Combats disease
3) Maintains tissue fluid balance
4) Absorbs dietary fats from the digestive tract.
Respiratory System (2 functions)
1) Exchanges oxygen and carbon dioxide between the blood and air
2) Regulates blood pH.
Digestive System (3 functions)
1) Performs mechanical and chemical processes of - digestion
2) absorption of nutrients
3) elimination of wastes
Nervous System (3 functions)
1) Detects sensations and controls movements
2) physiological processes
3) Intellectual functions
Endocrine System (3 main functions)
1) Influences metabolism
2) Influences growth
3) Influences reproduction
Cardiovascular System (3 main functions)
1) Transports nutrients, waste products, gases, and hormones throughout the body.
2) Plays a role in the immune response.
3) Plays a role in the regulation of body temperature
Urinary System (2 main functions)
1) Removes waste products from the blood
2) Regulates blood pH, ion balance, and water balance
Female Reproductive System (3 functions)
1) Produces oocytes and is the site of fertilization and fetal development
2) Produces milk for the newborn
3) Produces hormones that influence sexual function and behaviors.
Male Reproductive System (2 functions)
1) Produces and transfers sperm cells to the female
2) Influences sexual funtions and behaviors
Characteristics of Life (List 6)
1) Organization
2) Metabolism
3) Responsiveness
4) Growth - increase in size and number of cells
5) Development - the changes an organism experiences through time.
6) Reproduction
