Organelles

Question 1

plasma membrane

Answer 1

The outermost component of a cell

Question 2

nucleus

Question 3

ribosome

Question 4

rough endoplasmic reticulum

Question 5

smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Question 6

golgi apparatus

Answer 6

the packaging organelle, taking vesicles from the ER to the plasma membrane or cytoplasm

Question 7

lysosome

Answer 7

an organelle in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells containing degradative enzymes enclosed in a membrane.

Question 8

peroxisome

Answer 8

a small organelle present in the cytoplasm of many cells, which contains the reducing enzyme catalase and usually some oxidases.

Question 9

mitochondria

Answer 9

the power house of the cell and site of ATP production.

Question 10

centrioles

Question 11

cilia

Answer 11

these ones move

Question 12

flagellum

Answer 12

these ones move the entire cell

Question 13

microvilli

Answer 13

these don’t move but increase the surface area of the cell.

Question 14

Four functions of the cell

Answer 14

1) Cell metabolism and energy use
2) Synthesis of molecules
3) communication
4) reproduction and inheritance

Question 15

Plasma membrane five functions

Answer 15

1) As a boundary separating cytoplasmic substances from extracellular substances
2) Encloses and Supports the cell contents
3) Attaches cells to other cells or extracellular environments
4) Is the site for cell communication
5) Selective permeability

Question 16

Integral membrane proteins

Answer 16

penetrate deeply into the bilayer often extending from one surface to the other

Question 17

peripheral membrane proteins

Answer 17

attacehd to either the inner or outer surfaces of the lipid bilayer.

Question 18

marker molecules

Answer 18

surface molecules that allow cells to identify other cells or other molecules

Question 19

transport proteins

Answer 19

proteins that allow ions or molecules to move from one side of the plasma membrane to the other.

Question 20

competition

Answer 20

molecules with similar shape that bind to the transport protein despite specificity of the transport protein

Question 21

saturation

Answer 21

the rate of movement of molecules across the membrane is limited by the number of available transport proteins

Question 22

channel proteins

Answer 22

integral membrane proteins arranged so that they form a tiny channel through the plasma

Question 23

leak ion channels

Answer 23

channel proteins that are always open and are responsible for the plasma membrane’s permeability

Question 24

gated ion channels

Answer 24

these proteins open and close depending on certain conditions of the cell.

Question 25

ligand

Answer 25

a generic term for a chemical signal

Question 26

carrier proteins

Answer 26

membrane proteins that move ions or molecules from one side of the plasma membrane to the other.

Question 27

ATP-powered pumps

Answer 27

transport proteins that require cellular energy to move specific ions or molecules from one side of the plasma membrane to the other

Question 28

receptor proteins

Answer 28

membrane proteins that have an exposed receptor site.

Question 29

g protein complex

Answer 29

This protein acts as an intermediary between a receptor and other cellular proteins.

Question 30

cytosol

Answer 30

the fluid portion of the cytoplasm

Question 31

cytoskeleton

Answer 31

this structure supports the cell and holds the nucleus and other organelles in place

Question 32

nucleus

Answer 32

this large membrane-bound organelle is located near the center of the cell

Question 33

ribosomes

Answer 33

the sites of protein synthesis

Question 34

endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 34

a broad, flattened, system of interconnecting sacs and tubules that is continuous with the outer membrane of the nuclear envelope.

Question 35

rough ER

Answer 35

Sites on this cellular structure are where proteins are produced and modified for use as integral membrane proteins and for secretion into the extracellular space

Question 36

Smooth ER

Answer 36

this cellular structure manufactures lipids and carbohydrates. It also participates in detoxification of chemicals and drugs.

Question 37

Golgi apparatus

Answer 37

cisternae stacked like dinner plates, this structure is the packaging and distribution for the substances produced from the endoplasmic reticulum.

Question 38

secretory vesicles

Answer 38

the vesicles that pinch off from the Golgi apparatus and move to the surgace of the cell.

Question 39

lysosomes

Answer 39

these membrane bound vesicles contain a variety of hydrolytic enzymes that function as intracellular digestive enzymes.

Question 40

peroxisomes

Answer 40

membrane-bound vesicles that contain enzymes that break down fatty acids and amino acids.

Question 41

proteosomes

Answer 41

large protein complexes containing enzymes that break down and recycle other proteins within the cell. NOT surrounded by membranes, but are instead a collection of specific proteins forming barrel-like structures.

Question 42

mitochondria

Answer 42

the power house of the cell. Producing ARP.

Question 43

centrosome

Answer 43

a specialized zone of cytoplasm close to the nucleus that is the center of microtubule formation

Question 44

centrioles

Answer 44

the structures within the centrosome that are composed of nine evenly spaced, parallel units or triplets.

Question 45

cilia

Answer 45

structures that project from the surface of cells and are capable of movement. (Ex. cilia in trachea that move mucus)

Question 46

Flagella

Answer 46

longer structures than cilia that move the entire cell. (ex. sperm cells)

Question 47

microvilli

Answer 47

cylindrically shaped extensions of the plasma membrane that increase the surface area of a cell. These DO NOT move.