Organic Chemistry Flashcards
Define hydrocarbon
Compoud containing only hydrogen and carbon
What is the name for a hydrocarbon that is straight or branched?
Aliphatic
What is the name for a hydrocarbon that is a ring shape?
Alicyclic
What is the name for a compound with 1+ benzene rings?
Aromatics
Define unsaturated hydrocarbon
Compound made of only carbon and hydrogen with 1+ carbon double bonds
Name the homologous series of aliphatic hydrocarbons
Alkane
Alkenes
Alkynes
Define homologous series
Group of compounds with same functional group so same chemical properties
Define alkyl
Branch, hydrocarbon with one H removed
What’s an ether?
Oxygen with carbon either side
Define molecular formula
Exact ratio of atoms of each element in a compound
Define empirical formula
Simplest whole number ratio of atoms of each element in a compound
Define general formula
Simplest algebraic formula to represent ratios of each atom of each element
Define displayed formula
Shows bonds and positions of atoms
Define structural formula
Smallest amount of detail needed to show arrangement (shows arrangement of groups)
Define skeletal formula
Just carbón skeleton and functional groups
Define structural isomers
Compounds with same molecular formula but different structural formula
How may two compounds be structural isomers but have different functional groups?
Same number of each atom present (but different arrangement due to different functional group)
Define bond fission
Breaking of a covalent bond
Define heterolytic fission
One atom in a covalent bond takes both shared electrons, producing two ions
Define homolytic fission
Each atom takes one electron from the covalent bond resulting in two radicals (have unpaired electron)
What conditions must be present for homolytic fission to occur in alkanes
UV radiation
What is a reaction mechanism?
Equation showing how a reaction occurs via depicting movement of electrons using curly arrows
What do curly arrows show?
Movement of electrons from donator to reciever
Name the types of reactions that can occur with hydrocarbons
Addition
Substitution
Elimination
Define Elimination reactions
Small molecule is removed from larger one
Define substitution reactions
A (group of) atom(s) displaces a (group of) atom(s) in a larger molecule
Define addition reactions
Two reactants combine to form one larger product
Why are branched chains used in the petrochemical industry?
They combust more efficiently
