Organic Chemistry

Question 1

Define hydrocarbon

Answer 1

Compoud containing only hydrogen and carbon

Question 2

What is the name for a hydrocarbon that is straight or branched?

Answer 2

Aliphatic

Question 3

What is the name for a hydrocarbon that is a ring shape?

Answer 3

Alicyclic

Question 4

What is the name for a compound with 1+ benzene rings?

Answer 4

Aromatics

Question 5

Define unsaturated hydrocarbon

Answer 5

Compound made of only carbon and hydrogen with 1+ carbon double bonds

Question 6

Name the homologous series of aliphatic hydrocarbons

Answer 6

Alkane
Alkenes
Alkynes

Question 7

Define homologous series

Answer 7

Group of compounds with same functional group so same chemical properties

Question 8

Define alkyl

Answer 8

Branch, hydrocarbon with one H removed

Question 9

What’s an ether?

Answer 9

Oxygen with carbon either side

Question 10

Define molecular formula

Answer 10

Exact ratio of atoms of each element in a compound

Question 11

Define empirical formula

Answer 11

Simplest whole number ratio of atoms of each element in a compound

Question 12

Define general formula

Answer 12

Simplest algebraic formula to represent ratios of each atom of each element

Question 13

Define displayed formula

Answer 13

Shows bonds and positions of atoms

Question 14

Define structural formula

Answer 14

Smallest amount of detail needed to show arrangement (shows arrangement of groups)

Question 15

Define skeletal formula

Answer 15

Just carbón skeleton and functional groups

Question 16

Define structural isomers

Answer 16

Compounds with same molecular formula but different structural formula

Question 17

How may two compounds be structural isomers but have different functional groups?

Answer 17

Same number of each atom present (but different arrangement due to different functional group)

Question 18

Define bond fission

Answer 18

Breaking of a covalent bond

Question 19

Define heterolytic fission

Answer 19

One atom in a covalent bond takes both shared electrons, producing two ions

Question 20

Define homolytic fission

Answer 20

Each atom takes one electron from the covalent bond resulting in two radicals (have unpaired electron)

Question 21

What conditions must be present for homolytic fission to occur in alkanes

Answer 21

UV radiation

Question 22

What is a reaction mechanism?

Answer 22

Equation showing how a reaction occurs via depicting movement of electrons using curly arrows

Question 23

What do curly arrows show?

Answer 23

Movement of electrons from donator to reciever

Question 24

Name the types of reactions that can occur with hydrocarbons

Answer 24

Addition
Substitution
Elimination

Question 25

Define Elimination reactions

Answer 25

Small molecule is removed from larger one

Question 26

Define substitution reactions

Answer 26

A (group of) atom(s) displaces a (group of) atom(s) in a larger molecule

Question 27

Define addition reactions

Answer 27

Two reactants combine to form one larger product

Question 28

Why are branched chains used in the petrochemical industry?

Answer 28

They combust more efficiently