Acids and redox Flashcards
What must redox reactions balance in?
Electrons transferred (changes in oxidation numbers )
What is a proton acceptor?
A substance that accepts H+ ions
What is a proton donor?
A substance that donates/ releases H+ ions
What’s the difference between alkalis and bases?
Alkali is a base (accepts H+) that dissolves in water to release OH-
Name types of bases
Metal oxides
Metal carbonates
Metal hydroxides
Alkalis
Describe neutralisation
When H in acid is replaced by metal or ammonium ion
Acid + base= salt + water
Acid + carbonate=?
Salt + water + carbon dioxide
Acid + metal oxide=?
Salt + water
Name and give formula of common acids
Sulphuric acid (H2SO4)
Nitric acid (HNO3)
Ethanoic acid (CH3COOH)
Hydrochloric acid (HCl)
Name and give formula for common bases
Metal oxide (MgO)
Metal hydroxide (Ca(OH)2)
Metal carbonate (CaCO3)
Alkali (KOH)
What ways can you calculate water of crystallisation?
By subtracting M of anhydrous salt from M of hydrated compound and dividing it by 18 (M of H2O)
Finding ratio of moles
What is the water of crystallisation?
The water that is bonded within the crystalline structure of a hydrated compound
Define concordant results
Results within o.1 dm3
Define titre
Minimum volume of solution needed to reach end point in a titration
What is a standard solution ?
A solution of known concentration
How do you prepare a standard solution?
?
Metal hydroxide + acid =?
Salt + water
What occurs during the neutralisation between an acid and ammonia ?
Ammonia accepts H+ to become ammonium ion (to form ammonium salt)
What is the ionic equation for neutralisation?
H+. + OH- = H2O
What’s the difference between sodium hydrogen carbonate (1) and sodium hydrocarbonate (2)?
1) Na H C
2) Na H O C
What do ions ending in ate always have?
Oxygen
What are oxidation numbers?
A measure of how oxidised a molecule is
What’s the ON of a pure element ?
0
What’s the difference between ionic charge and ON?
Ionic charge = sign after
ON = sign before
What is the ON of monoatomic ions?
Same as charge
What is the ON of F H and O in compounds?
F= -1
H= +1
O= -2
What does anhydrous mean?
Without water of crystallisation
What is oxonium?
H30+
Give bronstead-lowry definition of acid
Proton donator
Give bronstead-lowry definition of base
Proton acceptor
Define strong acid and alkali
Fully dissociate to release H+/OH-
How do you prepare a standard solution?
N=cv to find moles of substance needed N=m/M to find mass needed Dissolve in water in beaker Add to volumetric flask (set volume) Add rinsings (distilled water) Top up until miniscus is on line
Name equipment of titration
Pipette and pipette filler Conical flask Burette White tile Single indicator Funnel
What are the exceptions to the oxidation number rules?
H in metal hydride = - 1
O in peroxides =-1
What do you remove in an ionic equation?
Spector ions
don’t change state
What’s the difference between ionic and half equations?
Ionic show overall change
Half show gain/loss of electrons
Why are reading take on titrations rounded +/- 0.005?
More accurate
Name for solution of known and unknown concentration
Known= standard solution
Unknown = analyte
Metal + acid =?
Salt + hydrogen
